I\u27ll Give You a Reason

A collection of stories set in contemporary Newark, NJ

As entidades sem fins lucrativos e as políticas públicas federais: tipologia e análise de convênios e organizações (2003-2011)

Realizado pelo Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA), o estudo apresenta os convênios firmados entre o governo federal e as entidades privadas sem fins lucrativos no Brasil entre 2003 e 2011. Baseado nas informações disponibilizadas pela pesquisa Fasfil (Fundações Privadas e Associações sem Fins Lucrativos), publicada em 2012, e em dados oficiais, a pesquisa retrata os convênios detalhadamente, apresentando os valores firmados, ministérios concedentes e tipos de entidade convenentes. Os dados utilizados permitem entender o papel que as entidades tiveram em políticas públicas federais ao longo dos últimos anos

Transferências federais a entidades privadas sem fins lucrativos (1999-2010)

O estudo mapeia as transferências federais a entidades sem fins lucrativos realizadas entre 1999 e 2010 e analisa, política e tecnicamente, o sentido das parcerias entre a Administração Pública Federal e a sociedade civil

Determination of PBDEs in human breast adipose tissues by gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

The potential of gas chromatography / tandem mass spectrometry with triple quadrupole analyzer for determination of 12 polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human breast tissues has been investigated. After extraction with hexane, two purification procedures -automated normal-phase HPLC and solid phase extraction – were assayed. Both electron impact ionization, in selected reaction monitoring mode, and negative chemical ionization, in selected ion recording mode, were tested for the optimum determination of analytes. Isotopically labelled standards were added before extraction as surrogates: [13C] BDE47, [13C] BDE99 and [13C] BDE153 for EI, and p,p’-DDE-D8 for NCI. The method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, limits of detection and limits of quantification, using human breast tissue spiked at three levels in the range 1-50 ng/g (5-250 ng/g for BDE 209). The analytical approach using SPE clean-up followed by GC-MS (NCI) led to lower detection limits (0.006-2 ng/g) and allowed the determination of the most problematic congener, BDE 209, whose poor sensitivity made difficult its determination at low residue levels. Special attention was given to the confirmation of the compounds detected in samples in order to avoid reporting false positives. Two MS/MS transitions or three m/z ions were selected for each analyte when using EI or NCI modes, respectively. In both cases, the transition/ion intensity ratio was used as confirmation parameter. The developed methodology was applied to the analysis of real human samples. Several BDEs (BDEs congeners 47, 100, 99, 154, 153 183 and 209) were detected in the range of 0.08-0.23 ng/

Searching for anthropogenic contaminants in human breast adipose tissues using gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry

The potential of GC-TOF MS for screening anthropogenic organic contaminants in human breast adipose tissues has been investigated. Initially a target screening was performed for a list of 125 compounds which included persistent halogen pollutants (OC pesticides, PCBs, PBDEs), PAHs, alkylphenols, and a notable number of pesticides from the different fungicide, herbicide and insecticide families. Searching for target pollutants was done by evaluating the presence of up to five representative ions for every analyte, all measured at accurate mass (20 mDa mass window). The experimental ion abundance ratios were then compared to those of reference standards for confirmation. Sample treatment consisted of an extraction with hexane and subsequent normal-phase HPLC or SPE clean-up. The fat-free LC fractions were then investigated by GC-TOF MS. Full-spectral acquisition and accurate mass data generated by GC-TOF MS also allowed the investigation of non-target compounds using appropriate processing software to manage MS data. Identification was initially based on library fit using commercial nominal mass libraries. This was followed by comparing the experimental accurate masses of the most relevant ions with the theoretical exact masses with calculations made using the elemental composition calculator included in the software. The application of both target and non-target approaches to around 40 real samples allowed the detection and confirmation of several target pollutants including p,p’- DDE, HCB, and some PCBs and PAHs. Several non-target compounds that could be considered anthropogenic pollutants were also detected. These included 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-toluene (BHT) and its metabolite 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (BHT-CHO), dibenzylamine, n-butyl benzenesulfonamide, some naphthalene-related compounds and several PCBs isomers not 2included in the target list. As some of the compounds detected are xenoestrogens the methodology developed in this paper could be useful in human breast cancer researc

Valores e estrutura social no Brasil

This paper addresses the relationship between social structure and social values in the Brazilian society in light of survey data from a national sample of 3,772 respondents. In addition to examining traditional variables - such as income and education -, the analysis incorporated information on variables such as sex, race/ethnicity, age, geographic region, and religious affiliation. The survey questions dealt with issues such as adherence to democracy, acceptance of diversity, gender equality, reasons for inequality, and others. The results were ambivalent. While presenting different degrees of effect according to the questions and issues, education and age emerged as key variables to explain the substantive differences in the responses. The youth, in particular, presents levels of adherence to democratic principles and values that are higher than others. Interestingly, none of the differences is explained by income, which suggests the lack of a "new middle class" holding different values when one assumes hat ranges of income are the main indicators of "social classes", as it has become a commonplace in contemporary debates