Siembra directa y convencional de mijo (Panicum miliaceum L. Merr.): eficiencia de implantación de dos trenes de siembra, sobre un suelo haplustol éntico

Las primeras máquinas para siembra directa procuraron la implantación de cultivos provocando la menor remoción posible del terreno, sin distinción de suelos, regiones o sistemas productivos. Al mismo tiempo la siembra convencional de cultivos comenzó a quedar relegada respecto de dicha técnica. En la actualidad los resultados sobre la aplicación de una u otra técnica de siembra son contradictorios; los productores requieren mayor transitabilidad en ámbitos de suelos de distinta capacidad portante, mayores emergencias y arranques más vigorosos de los cultivos. En respuesta a dicha demanda, los fabricantes de maquinaria agrícola diseñan nuevos trenes de siembra cada vez más específicos, en la búsqueda del cumplimiento de los requisitos citados. El presente proyecto tiene como objetivo la caracterización del desempeño de dos trenes de siembra (directa y convencional) de amplia difusión, mediante la cuantificación de la emergencia y rendimiento del cultivo de mijo común (Panicum miliaceum L. Merr.)

Impact of hormone receptor status and tumor subtypes of breast cancer in young BRCA carriers

Background: Hormone receptor expression is a known positive prognostic and predictive factor in breast cancer; however, limited evidence exists on its prognostic impact on prognosis of young patients harboring a pathogenic variant (PV) in the BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 genes. Patients and methods: This international, multicenter, retrospective cohort study included young patients (aged ≤40 years) diagnosed with invasive breast cancer and harboring germline PVs in BRCA genes. We investigated the impact of hormone receptor status on clinical behavior and outcomes of breast cancer. Outcomes of interest [disease-free survival (DFS), breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS), and overall survival (OS)] were first investigated according to hormone receptor expression (positive versus negative), and then according to breast cancer subtype [luminal A-like versus luminal B-like versus triple-negative versus human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer]. Results: From 78 centers worldwide, 4709 BRCA carriers were included, of whom 2143 (45.5%) had hormone receptor-positive and 2566 (54.5%) hormone receptor-negative breast cancer. Median follow-up was 7.9 years. The rate of distant recurrences was higher in patients with hormone receptor-positive disease (13.1% versus 9.6%, P < 0.001), while the rate of second primary breast cancer was lower (9.1% versus 14.7%, P < 0.001) compared to patients with hormone receptor-negative disease. The 8-year DFS was 65.8% and 63.4% in patients with hormone receptor-positive and negative disease, respectively. The hazard ratio of hormone receptor-positive versus negative disease changed over time for DFS, BCSS, and OS (P < 0.05 for interaction of hormone receptor status and survival time). Patients with luminal A-like breast cancer had the worst long-term prognosis in terms of DFS compared to all the other subgroups (8-year DFS: 60.8% in luminal A-like versus 63.5% in triple-negative versus 65.5% in HER2-positive and 69.7% in luminal B-like subtype). Conclusions: In young BRCA carriers, differences in recurrence pattern and second primary breast cancer among hormone receptor-positive versus negative disease warrant consideration in counseling patients on treatment, follow-up, and risk-reducing surgery

Characteristics and clinical outcomes of breast cancer in young BRCA carriers according to tumor histology

Background: Young women with breast cancer (BC) have an increased chance of carrying germline BRCA pathogenic variants (PVs). Limited data exist on the prognostic impact of tumor histology (i.e. ductal versus lobular) in hereditary breast cancer. Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study included women aged ≤40 years with early-stage breast cancer diagnosed between January 2000 and December 2020 and known to carry germline PVs in BRCA1/2. Histology was locally assessed in each center. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used to assess disease-free survival and overall survival. Results: Of 4628 patients included from 78 centers worldwide, 3969 (86%) had pure ductal, 135 (3%) pure lobular, and 524 (11%) other histologies. Compared with ductal tumors, lobular tumors were more often grade 1/2 (57.7% versus 22.1%), stage III (29.6% versus 18.5%), and luminal A-like (42.2% versus 12.2%). Lobular tumors were more often associated with BRCA2 PVs (71.1% BRCA2), while ductal tumors were more often associated with BRCA1 PVs (65.7% BRCA1). Patients with lobular tumors more often had mastectomy (68.9% versus 58.3%), and less often received chemotherapy (83.7% versus 92.9%). With a median follow-up of 7.8 years, no significant differences were observed in disease-free survival (adjusted hazard ratio 1.01, 95% confidence interval 0.74-1.37) or overall survival (hazard ratio 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.62-1.50) between patients with ductal versus lobular tumors. No significant survival differences were observed according to specific BRCA gene, breast cancer subtype, or body mass index. Conclusions: In this large global cohort of young BRCA carriers with breast cancer, the incidence of pure lobular histology was low and associated with higher disease stage at diagnosis, luminal-like disease and BRCA2 PVs. Histology did not appear to impact prognosis

Characteristics and clinical outcomes of breast cancer in young BRCA carriers according to tumor histology

Background: Young women with breast cancer (BC) have an increased chance of carrying germline BRCA pathogenic variants (PVs). Limited data exist on the prognostic impact of tumor histology (i.e. ductal versus lobular) in hereditary breast cancer. Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study included women aged ≤40 years with early-stage breast cancer diagnosed between January 2000 and December 2020 and known to carry germline PVs in BRCA1/2. Histology was locally assessed in each center. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used to assess disease-free survival and overall survival. Results: Of 4628 patients included from 78 centers worldwide, 3969 (86%) had pure ductal, 135 (3%) pure lobular, and 524 (11%) other histologies. Compared with ductal tumors, lobular tumors were more often grade 1/2 (57.7% versus 22.1%), stage III (29.6% versus 18.5%), and luminal A-like (42.2% versus 12.2%). Lobular tumors were more often associated with BRCA2 PVs (71.1% BRCA2), while ductal tumors were more often associated with BRCA1 PVs (65.7% BRCA1). Patients with lobular tumors more often had mastectomy (68.9% versus 58.3%), and less often received chemotherapy (83.7% versus 92.9%). With a median follow-up of 7.8 years, no significant differences were observed in disease-free survival (adjusted hazard ratio 1.01, 95% confidence interval 0.74-1.37) or overall survival (hazard ratio 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.62-1.50) between patients with ductal versus lobular tumors. No significant survival differences were observed according to specific BRCA gene, breast cancer subtype, or body mass index. Conclusions: In this large global cohort of young BRCA carriers with breast cancer, the incidence of pure lobular histology was low and associated with higher disease stage at diagnosis, luminal-like disease and BRCA2 PVs. Histology did not appear to impact prognosis

Impact of hormone receptor status and tumor subtypes of breast cancer in young BRCA carriers

Background: Hormone receptor expression is a known positive prognostic and predictive factor in breast cancer; however, limited evidence exists on its prognostic impact on prognosis of young patients harboring a pathogenic variant (PV) in the BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 genes. Patients and methods: This international, multicenter, retrospective cohort study included young patients (aged ≤40 years) diagnosed with invasive breast cancer and harboring germline PVs in BRCA genes. We investigated the impact of hormone receptor status on clinical behavior and outcomes of breast cancer. Outcomes of interest [disease-free survival (DFS), breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS), and overall survival (OS)] were first investigated according to hormone receptor expression (positive versus negative), and then according to breast cancer subtype [luminal A-like versus luminal B-like versus triple-negative versus human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer]. Results: From 78 centers worldwide, 4709 BRCA carriers were included, of whom 2143 (45.5%) had hormone receptor-positive and 2566 (54.5%) hormone receptor-negative breast cancer. Median follow-up was 7.9 years. The rate of distant recurrences was higher in patients with hormone receptor-positive disease (13.1% versus 9.6%, P &lt; 0.001), while the rate of second primary breast cancer was lower (9.1% versus 14.7%, P &lt; 0.001) compared to patients with hormone receptor-negative disease. The 8-year DFS was 65.8% and 63.4% in patients with hormone receptor-positive and negative disease, respectively. The hazard ratio of hormone receptor-positive versus negative disease changed over time for DFS, BCSS, and OS (P &lt; 0.05 for interaction of hormone receptor status and survival time). Patients with luminal A-like breast cancer had the worst long-term prognosis in terms of DFS compared to all the other subgroups (8-year DFS: 60.8% in luminal A-like versus 63.5% in triple-negative versus 65.5% in HER2-positive and 69.7% in luminal B-like subtype). Conclusions: In young BRCA carriers, differences in recurrence pattern and second primary breast cancer among hormone receptor-positive versus negative disease warrant consideration in counseling patients on treatment, follow-up, and risk-reducing surgery

Impact of hormone receptor status and tumor subtypes of breast cancer in young BRCA carriers

Background: Hormone receptor expression is a known positive prognostic and predictive factor in breast cancer; however, limited evidence exists on its prognostic impact on prognosis of young patients harboring a pathogenic variant (PV) in the BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 genes. Patients and methods: This international, multicenter, retrospective cohort study included young patients (aged ≤40 years) diagnosed with invasive breast cancer and harboring germline PVs in BRCA genes. We investigated the impact of hormone receptor status on clinical behavior and outcomes of breast cancer. Outcomes of interest [disease-free survival (DFS), breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS), and overall survival (OS)] were first investigated according to hormone receptor expression (positive versus negative), and then according to breast cancer subtype [luminal A-like versus luminal B-like versus triple-negative versus human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer]. Results: From 78 centers worldwide, 4709 BRCA carriers were included, of whom 2143 (45.5%) had hormone receptor-positive and 2566 (54.5%) hormone receptor-negative breast cancer. Median follow-up was 7.9 years. The rate of distant recurrences was higher in patients with hormone receptor-positive disease (13.1% versus 9.6%, P &lt; 0.001), while the rate of second primary breast cancer was lower (9.1% versus 14.7%, P &lt; 0.001) compared to patients with hormone receptor-negative disease. The 8-year DFS was 65.8% and 63.4% in patients with hormone receptor-positive and negative disease, respectively. The hazard ratio of hormone receptor-positive versus negative disease changed over time for DFS, BCSS, and OS (P &lt; 0.05 for interaction of hormone receptor status and survival time). Patients with luminal A-like breast cancer had the worst long-term prognosis in terms of DFS compared to all the other subgroups (8-year DFS: 60.8% in luminal A-like versus 63.5% in triple-negative versus 65.5% in HER2-positive and 69.7% in luminal B-like subtype). Conclusions: In young BRCA carriers, differences in recurrence pattern and second primary breast cancer among hormone receptor-positive versus negative disease warrant consideration in counseling patients on treatment, follow-up, and risk-reducing surgery

Characterization of HER2-low breast cancer in young women with germline BRCA1/2 pathogenetic variants: Results of a large international retrospective cohort study

Background: Breast cancer (BC) in women aged ≤40 years carrying germline pathogenetic variants (PVs) in BRCA1/2 genes is infrequent but often associated with aggressive features. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-low-expressing BC has recently emerged as a novel therapeutic target but has not been characterized in this rare patient subset. Methods: Women aged ≤40 years with newly diagnosed early-stage HER2-negative BC (HER2-0 and HER2-low) and germline BRCA1/2 PVs from 78 health care centers worldwide were retrospectively included. Chi-square test and Student t-test were used to describe variable distribution between HER2-0 and HER2-low. Associations with HER2-low status were assessed with logistic regression. Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used to assess disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival. Statistical significance was considered for p&nbsp;≤.05. Results: Of 3547 included patients, 32.3% had HER2-low BC, representing 46.3% of hormone receptor–positive and 21.3% of triple-negative (TN) tumors. HER2-low vs. HER2-0 BC were more often of grade 1/2 (p&nbsp;&lt;.001), hormone receptor–positive (p&nbsp;&lt;.001), and node-positive (p&nbsp;=.003). BRCA2 PVs were more often associated with HER2-low than BRCA1 PVs (p&nbsp;&lt;.001). HER2-low versus HER2-0 showed better DFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76–0.97) in the overall population and more favorable DFS (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64–0.95) and overall survival (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.46–0.93) in the TN subgroup. Luminal A–like tumors in HER2-low (p&nbsp;=.014) and TN and luminal A-like in HER2-0 (p&nbsp;=.019) showed the worst DFS. Conclusions: In young patients with HER2-negative BC and germline BRCA1/2 PVs, HER2-low disease was less frequent than expected and more frequently linked to BRCA2 PVs and associated with luminal-like disease. HER2-low status was associated with a modestly improved prognosis

Impact of hormone receptor status and tumor subtypes of breast cancer in young BRCA carriers

Background Breast cancer (BC) in women aged ≤40 years carrying germline pathogenetic variants (PVs) in BRCA1/2 genes is infrequent but often associated with aggressive features. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-low-expressing BC has recently emerged as a novel therapeutic target but has not been characterized in this rare patient subset. Methods Women aged ≤40 years with newly diagnosed early-stage HER2-negative BC (HER2-0 and HER2-low) and germline BRCA1/2 PVs from 78 health care centers worldwide were retrospectively included. Chi-square test and Student t-test were used to describe variable distribution between HER2-0 and HER2-low. Associations with HER2-low status were assessed with logistic regression. Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used to assess disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival. Statistical significance was considered for p ≤ .05. Results Of 3547 included patients, 32.3% had HER2-low BC, representing 46.3% of hormone receptor–positive and 21.3% of triple-negative (TN) tumors. HER2-low vs. HER2-0 BC were more often of grade 1/2 (p &lt; .001), hormone receptor–positive (p &lt; .001), and node-positive (p = .003). BRCA2 PVs were more often associated with HER2-low than BRCA1 PVs (p &lt; .001). HER2-low versus HER2-0 showed better DFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76–0.97) in the overall population and more favorable DFS (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64–0.95) and overall survival (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.46–0.93) in the TN subgroup. Luminal A–like tumors in HER2-low (p = .014) and TN and luminal A-like in HER2-0 (p = .019) showed the worst DFS. Conclusions In young patients with HER2-negative BC and germline BRCA1/2 PVs, HER2-low disease was less frequent than expected and more frequently linked to BRCA2 PVs and associated with luminal-like disease. HER2-low status was associated with a modestly improved prognosis

Siembra directa y convencional de mijo (Panicum miliaceum L. Merr.): eficiencia de implantación de dos trenes de siembra, sobre un suelo haplustol éntico

Las primeras máquinas para siembra directa procuraron la implantación de cultivos provocando la menor remoción posible del terreno, sin distinción de suelos, regiones o sistemas productivos. Al mismo tiempo la siembra convencional de cultivos comenzó a quedar relegada respecto de dicha técnica. En la actualidad los resultados sobre la aplicación de una u otra técnica de siembra son contradictorios; los productores requieren mayor transitabilidad en ámbitos de suelos de distinta capacidad portante, mayores emergencias y arranques más vigorosos de los cultivos. En respuesta a dicha demanda, los fabricantes de maquinaria agrícola diseñan nuevos trenes de siembra cada vez más específicos, en la búsqueda del cumplimiento de los requisitos citados. El presente proyecto tiene como objetivo la caracterización del desempeño de dos trenes de siembra (directa y convencional) de amplia difusión, mediante la cuantificación de la emergencia y rendimiento del cultivo de mijo común (Panicum miliaceum L. Merr.)