5,483 research outputs found
Can One Measure the Weak Phase of a Penguin Diagram?
The b -> d penguin amplitude receives contributions from internal u, c and
t-quarks. We show that it is impossible to measure the weak phase of any of
these penguin contributions without theoretical input. However, it is possible
to obtain the weak phase if one makes a single assumption involving the
hadronic parameters. With such an assumption, one can test for the presence of
new physics in the b -> d flavour-changing neutral current by comparing the
weak phase of B_d^0-{\bar B}_d^0 mixing with that of the t-quark contribution
to the b -> d penguin.Comment: 20 pages, no figure
Exploring CP Violation with B_d -> D K_s Decays
We (re)examine CP violation in the decays B_d -> D K_s, where D represents
D^0, D(bar), or one of their excited states. The quantity can be extracted from the time-dependent rates for and , where the decays to
. If one considers a non-CP-eigenstate hadronic final state to
which both D(bar) and D^0 can decay (e.g. ), then one can obtain two
of the angles of the unitarity triangle from measurements of the time-dependent
rates for and .
There are no penguin contributions to these decays, so all measurements are
theoretically clean.Comment: 15 pages, LaTeX, no figure
Extracting Weak Phase Information from B -> V_1 V_2 Decays
We describe a new method for extracting weak, CP-violating phase information,
with no hadronic uncertainties, from an angular analysis of B -> V_1 V_2
decays, where V_1 and V_2 are vector mesons. The quantity can be cleanly obtained from the study of decays such as B_d^0(t) ->
D^{*\pm} \rho^\mp, D^{*\pm} a_1^{\mp}, D^{*0} K^{*0}, etc. Similarly, one can
use B_s^0(t) -> D_s^{*\pm} K^{*\mp} to extract . There are no
penguin contributions to these decays. It is possible that will be the second function of CP phases, after , to be
measured at B-factories.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX, no figure
B-Decay CP Asymmetries, Discrete Ambiguities and New Physics
The first measurements of CP violation in the system will likely probe
, and . Assuming that the CP angles
, and are the interior angles of the unitarity
triangle, these measurements determine the angle set
except for a twofold discrete ambiguity. If one allows for the possibility of
new physics, the presence of this discrete ambiguity can make its discovery
difficult: if only one of the two candidate solutions is consistent with
constraints from other measurements in the and systems, one is not sure
whether new physics is present or not. We review the methods used to resolve
the discrete ambiguity and show that, even in the presence of new physics, they
can usually be used to uncover this new physics. There are some exceptions,
which we describe in detail. We systematically scan the parameter space and
present examples of values of and the new-physics
parameters which correspond to all possibilities. Finally, we show that if one
relaxes the assumption that the bag parameters \BBd and \BK are positive,
one can no longer definitively establish the presence of new physics.Comment: 29 pages, LaTeX, 1 figures, presentation substantially reworked,
physics conclusions unchanged. This version will be published in Phys. Rev.
Single Leptoquark Production at and Colliders
We consider single production of leptoquarks (LQ's) at and
colliders, for two values of the centre-of-mass energy,
GeV and 1 TeV. We find that LQ's which couple within the first
generation are observable for LQ masses almost up to the kinematic limit, both
at and colliders, for the LQ coupling strength equal to
. The cross sections for single production of - and
-generation LQ's at colliders are too small to be observable.
In collisions, on the other hand, -generation LQ's with
masses much larger than can be detected. However,
-generation LQ's can be seen at colliders only for
masses at most , making their observation more probable via the
pair production mechanism.Comment: plain TeX, 14 pages, 6 figures (not included but available on
request), some minor changes to the text, one reference added, figures and
conclusions unchanged, UdeM-LPN-TH-93-152, McGill-93/2
Universality in nonadiabatic behaviour of classical actions in nonlinear models with separatrix crossings
We discuss dynamics of approximate adiabatic invariants in several nonlinear
models being related to physics of Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC). We show
that nonadiabatic dynamics in Feshbach resonance passage, nonlinear
Landau-Zener (NLZ) tunnelling, and BEC tunnelling oscillations in a double-well
can be considered within a unifying approach based on the theory of separatrix
crossings. The separatrix crossing theory was applied previously to some
problems of classical mechanics, plasma physics and hydrodynamics, but has not
been used in the rapidly growing BEC-related field yet. We derive explicit
formulas for the change in the action in several models. Extensive numerical
calculations support the theory and demonstrate its universal character. We
also discovered a qualitatively new nonlinear phenomenon in a NLZ model which
we propose to call {\em separated adiabatic tunnelling}Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review E; Several misprints are
corrected; main results are emphasized in the end of Introduction (including
finite conversion efficiency in Feshbach resonance passage due to geometric
jump in the action); bibliography is extende
Determining the Quark Mixing Matrix From CP-Violating Asymmetries
If the Standard Model explanation of CP violation is correct, then
measurements of CP-violating asymmetries in meson decays can in principle
determine the entire quark mixing matrix.Comment: 8 pages (plain TeX), 1 figure (postscript file appended), DAPNIA/SPP
94-06, NSF-PT-94-2, UdeM-LPN-TH-94-18
Magnetism, superconductivity and coupling in cuprate heterostructures probed by low-energy muon-spin rotation
We present a low-energy muon-spin-rotation study of the magnetic and
superconducting properties of YBa2Cu3O7/PrBa2Cu3O7 trilayer and bilayer
heterostructures. By determining the magnetic-field profiles throughout these
structures we show that a finite superfluid density can be induced in otherwise
semiconducting PrBa2Cu3O7 layers when juxtaposed to YBa2Cu3O7 "electrodes"
while the intrinsic antiferromagnetic order is unaffected.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures; figure 9 corrected in version
Why holes are not like electrons. II. The role of the electron-ion interaction
In recent work, we discussed the difference between electrons and holes in
energy band in solids from a many-particle point of view, originating in the
electron-electron interaction, and argued that it has fundamental consequences
for superconductivity. Here we discuss the fact that there is also a
fundamental difference between electrons and holes already at the single
particle level, arising from the electron-ion interaction. The difference
between electrons and holes due to this effect parallels the difference due to
electron-electron interactions: {\it holes are more dressed than electrons}. We
propose that superconductivity originates in 'undressing' of carriers from
electron-electron and electron-ion interactions, and that both aspects
of undressing have observable consequences.Comment: Continuation of Phys.Rev.B65, 184502 (2002) = cond-mat/0109385 (2001
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