Advertisement is a Competence Tool to Effect Competition among Fashion Brands: A Case of Fashion Brands from Karachi

Advertising play a vital role in this era, it a tool to promote and to place a product or services in the mind of customers so this study basically focuses on how ads raise competition among luxury fashion brands and what is the effect of advertisement on competition that are being raised through the advent of media and to examine a relationship between dependent and independent variables with the help of three factors that are being drive through independent variable (advertising are compressed as the source of information , media and the frequency of ads) what are the contribution of all factors to increase competition among fashion brands .The research shows that the source of information (Newspaper, Billboards, Internet and Television) is the basic reason to increase competition among fashion brands in Karachi

Impact of Training and Develiopment on Employee Performance: A Case of Banking Sector of Pakistan

This study major objective was to examine the impact of training and development on employee’s performance. Employees are main resource of whole organization. Employees play the key role in an organization. The achievement of organization success is depends on employee performance. Training is one of most essential tool of HRM to enhance employee’s productivity and efficiency. This study is quantitative in nature. This research analyzed the four hypotheses, by using the sampling techniques in which I was selecting 200 employees of bank sector of Karachi, Pakistan. For examining the data I applied correlation and regression test on SPSS software. Descriptive statistics technique SPSS were applied on the questionnaire to examine the accuracy and authenticity of data.  The data collected through primary source that are from questionnaires and surveys. The finding proves that: There is positive link between training/development and employee performance. The study suggests that organizations should arrange training programs to their employees as a regular activity and develop their skills

Consumer Shopping Behaviour in Relation to Factors Influencing Impulse Buying: A Case of Superstores in Karachi, Pakistan

The significance of understanding impulse purchasing in retail stores was first acknowledged in the marketing literature over fifty years ago. Impulse purchase illustrates any purchase, which a consumer makes throughout it was not planned. This study aimed at highlighting the impact of external and internal factors that influence consumer impulse buying behaviour at super stores in Karachi. This paper contains two variables, i.e. Dependent variable “Consumer impulse buying behaviour” and Independent variables namely external factors (Visual merchandising, Shopping environment and Promotional activities), internal factors (Gender, Credit card and Hedonic motivation). This study attempts to explore the association exists between the variables implicated. This research is quantitative study because there is certain population, among them we tapping the responses of 265 respondents to get their relevant opinions pertaining to our topic. This research examined that consumer’s impulse buying behaviour in super stores are favourable in Karachi. Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) tool is used for data analysis. The outcome of the present study verifies that there is a pivotal relationship between visual merchandising, promotional activities, shopping environment, gender, credit card and hedonic motivation with consumer impulse buying behaviour. Consumers are more likely to buy impulsively when they see the colourful surroundings and calm environment not just motivating the consumers to buy involuntarily but also build excitement inside the consumer’s minds. Visual merchandising and hedonic motivation and shopping environment have an important role-play for consumer’s impulse buying. The availability of credit cards and promotional offers also somehow influence consumers for impulse buying. Keywords: Visual Merchandising, Hedonic Motivation, Promotional Activities

Deceptive Advertising Practices and Customer Loyalty: A Case of Mobile Phones in Karachi, Pakistan

In this era everyone is affected by advertisements, overpromising and deception also occur in ads. In this research we estimate the relationship of customer response and deceptive advertising. The main purpose of this research is to examine how many deceptive ads affect customer loyalty behavior and attitude, deceptive ads means false ads, which some of the advertisers do in their ads but never accept it. By doing deception they thought they penetrate the market, this deception nowadays occurring in the mobile phone advertisements.This study examines how much deception occurring nowadays in mob ads, it will be answered by questioning people who are using mobile phone and are up to date with media.Thus, this learning suggests that advertising companies should not focus with false advertising. Advertising should be emphasizing on the level of competitive facilities to generate progressive customer attitude and behavior towards the advertised product or service

Impact of Changes in Reserve Requirement on Banks Profitability: A Case of Commercial Banks in Pakistan

This study examines the relationship between Reserve Requirement Ratio and Banks Profitability in Pakistan. It emphasizes on the effect of changes in CRR on commercial banking profitability and how it affects the ROE and ROA. The data collected for the research was secondary and quantitative time series data for the ten year period 2005-2014. Using correlation analysis followed by Linear Regression carries the empirical analysis of the study. The finding of study reveal that CRR taken as measure for Reserve Requirement has significant inverse relationship on banks’ financial performance, which is measured by ROA and ROE. Keywords: Reserve Requirement Ratio (RRR), Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR), Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE)

Knowledge and Practices for Dental Treatment during COVID-19 - A Survey Based Study

Background and Objective:&nbsp;&nbsp;Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the latest infectious disease to rapidly spread worldwide. The role of dental professionals in preventing the transmission of COVID-19 is critically important while providing routine dental care. The objective of this study was to assess the attitude and perception of dentists to provide treatment to patients and form a general consensus for future dental protocols. Methods:&nbsp;&nbsp;Data collection was done using a well-structured web-based questionnaire (Google forms). The survey form was distributed by sending the link via email, WhatsApp and other online forums. Data were collected from n = 299 participants and analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Frequencies and percentages were determined for qualitative variables whereas mean &plusmn; standard deviation was calculated for quantitative variables. Results:&nbsp;&nbsp;A total of n = 299 responses were collected. Approximately 90.6% of the respondents were young clinicians with years of experience 1 &ndash; 9 years. Most of the respondents i.e. 70.9% were more inclined towards performing only non-aerosol generating procedures. Ninety five percent agreed upon training of dentists and dental chair side assistants regarding donning and doffing of PPEs and 91% preferred to go for high volume suction for aerosol generating procedures. Ninety four percent of the respondents strongly recommended to check for every patient reporting to dental clinic. Conclusion:&nbsp;&nbsp;Majority of the dentists are well aware of the current crisis, but trends of ambiguities have been seen regarding adaptation of particular protocol for the dental treatment. Intervention from Government is required to establish proper dental guidelines including provision of PPEs so that treatment could be provided with the best of facilities to the poor patients as well.</p