35 research outputs found
Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression defines molecular characteristics of Crohnâs disease-associated fibrosis
Hostile attributional bias and aggressive behavior in global context.
We tested a model that children's tendency to attribute hostile intent to others in response to provocation is a key psychological process that statistically accounts for individual differences in reactive aggressive behavior and that this mechanism contributes to global group differences in children's chronic aggressive behavior problems. Participants were 1,299 children (mean age at year 1 = 8.3 y; 51% girls) from 12 diverse ecological-context groups in nine countries worldwide, followed across 4 y. In year 3, each child was presented with each of 10 hypothetical vignettes depicting an ambiguous provocation toward the child and was asked to attribute the likely intent of the provocateur (coded as benign or hostile) and to predict his or her own behavioral response (coded as nonaggression or reactive aggression). Mothers and children independently rated the child's chronic aggressive behavior problems in years 2, 3, and 4. In every ecological group, in those situations in which a child attributed hostile intent to a peer, that child was more likely to report that he or she would respond with reactive aggression than in situations when that same child attributed benign intent. Across children, hostile attributional bias scores predicted higher mother- and child-rated chronic aggressive behavior problems, even controlling for prior aggression. Ecological group differences in the tendency for children to attribute hostile intent statistically accounted for a significant portion of group differences in chronic aggressive behavior problems. The findings suggest a psychological mechanism for group differences in aggressive behavior and point to potential interventions to reduce aggressive behavior
Mother and father socially desirable responding in nine countries: Two kinds of agreement and relations to parenting self-reports
Perceived mother and father acceptance-rejection predict four unique aspects of child adjustment across nine countries.
Background: It is generally believed that parental rejection of children leads to child maladaptation. However, the
specific effects of perceived parental acceptance-rejection on diverse domains of child adjustment and development
have been incompletely documented, and whether these effects hold across diverse populations and for mothers and
fathers are still open questions. Methods: This study assessed childrenâs perceptions of mother and father
acceptance-rejection in 1,247 families from China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden,
Thailand, and the United States as antecedent predictors of later internalizing and externalizing behavior problems,
school performance, prosocial behavior, and social competence. Results: Higher perceived parental rejection
predicted increases in internalizing and externalizing behavior problems and decreases in school performance and
prosocial behavior across 3 years controlling for within-wave relations, stability across waves, and parental age,
education, and social desirability bias. Patterns of relations were similar across mothers and fathers and, with a few
exceptions, all nine countries. Conclusions: Childrenâs perceptions of maternal and paternal acceptance-rejection
have small but nearly universal effects on multiple aspects of their adjustment and development regardless of the
familyâs country of origin. Keywords: Parental acceptance-rejection, behavior problems, school performance,
prosocial behavior, social competence, cross-cultural
Environmental harshness and unpredictability, life history, and social and academic behavior of adolescents in nine countries
202309 bcwhAccepted ManuscriptRGCPublishe
A Longitudinal Examination of Mothersâ and Fathersâ Social Information Processing Biases and Harsh Discipline in Nine Countries
This study examined whether parentsâ social information processingwas related to their subsequent reports of their harsh discipline. Interviews were conducted
with mothers (n Âź 1,277) and fathers (n Âź 1,030) of children in 1,297 families in nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines,
Sweden, Thailand, and the United States), initially when children were 7 to 9 years old and again 1 year later. Structural equation models showed that parentsâ
positive evaluations of aggressive responses to hypothetical childrearing vignettes at Time 1 predicted parentsâ self-reported harsh physical and nonphysical
discipline at Time 2. This link was consistent across mothers and fathers, and across the nine countries, providing support for the universality of the link
between positive evaluations of harsh discipline and parentsâ aggressive behavior toward children. The results suggest that international efforts to eliminate
violence toward children could target parentsâ beliefs about the acceptability and advisability of using harsh physical and nonphysical forms of discipline