Pengaruh Kepemimpinan dan Komunikasi Kepala Desa terhadap Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pembangunan Desa Taikako Kecamatan Sikakap Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis : 1) Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Kepala Desa Taikako Terhadap Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Pembangunan Desa Taikako Kecamatan Sikakap Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai, 2) Pengaruh Komunikasi Kepala Desa Taikako Terhadap Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Pembangunan Desa Taikako Kecamatan Sikakap Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai, 3) Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan dan komunikasi Kepala Desa Taikako secara bersama-sama Terhadap Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Pembangunan Desa Taikako Kecamatan Sikakap Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai. Waktu penelitian adalah bulan September 2014. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif asosiatif. Yang menjadi sampel adalah KK yang bertempat tinggal di Desa Taikako sebesar 100 KK.Teknik analisis data yang dilakukan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis induktif, yaitu uji likelihood,uji ramsey, uji normalitas, uji multikoleniaritas, uji heteroskedastisitas, uji autokorelasi dan analisis regresi berganda dengan bantuan program SPSS versi 16.0. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka Gaya kepemimpinan secara parsial berpangaruh negatif terhadap partisipasi yang dilihat dari nilai koefisien -0.829 signifikan pada nilai thitung sebesar 2,958 > ttabel sebesar 1,657 dengan signifikansi 0,004 ttabel sebesar 1,657 dan nilai signifikansi 0,000 Ftabel sebesar 3,07 dan nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05. Artinya semakin tinggi Gaya kepemimpinan dan komunikasi maka Persepsi atas partisipasi semakin tinggi juga dan sebaliknya. Adapun besarnya kontribusi yang diberikan variabel X terhadap variabel Y adalah sebesar 78,2%. Sedangkan sisanya 21,8% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak termasuk dalam penelitian ini

Top physic results from ATLAS and CMS

In this paper a summary of some of the latest and most precise measurements in the top quark physics field performed by the ATLAS and CMS experiments are presented. These include the most precise measurements for t¯t and single top cross-section as well as for the top mass, but also various measurements of top production and decay. Higgs and New Physics searches in the top quark Sector are not reported here

Very Constrained Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Models

We consider very constrained versions of the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (VCMSSMs) which, in addition to constraining the scalar masses m_0 and gaugino masses m_{1/2} to be universal at some input scale, impose relations between the trilinear and bilinear soft supersymmetry breaking parameters A_0 and B_0. These relations may be linear, as in simple minimal supergravity models, or nonlinear, as in the Giudice-Masiero mechanism for generating the Higgs-mixing mu term. We discuss the application of the electroweak vacuum conditions in VCMSSMs, which may be used to make a prediction for tan beta as a function of m_0 and m_{1/2} that is usually unique. We baseline the discussion of the parameter spaces allowed in VCMSSMs by updating the parameter space allowed in the CMSSM for fixed values of tan beta with no relation between A_0 and B_0 assumed {\it a priori}, displaying contours of B_0 for a fixed input value of A_0, incorporating the latest CDF/D0 measurement of m_t and the latest BNL measurement of g_mu - 2. We emphasize that phenomenological studies of the CMSSM are frequently not applicable to specific VCMSSMs, notably those based on minimal supergravity, which require m_0 = m_{3/2} as well as A_0 = B_0 + m_0. We then display (m_{1/2}, m_0) planes for selected VCMSSMs, treating in a unified way the parameter regions where either a neutralino or the gravitino is the LSP. In particular, we examine in detail the allowed parameter space for the Giudice-Masiero model.Comment: 26 pages, 32 eps figure

Spontaneous immunogenicity of ribosomal P0 protein in patients with benign and malignant breast lesions and delay of mammary tumor growth in P0-vaccinated mice

A common carboxyl-terminal epitope (C-22 P0) of the ribosomal P proteins (P0, P1 and P2) was shown to elicit autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and in head and neck cancer patients. In this report we provide evidence for the in vivo immunogenicity of the P0 protein in breast cancer patients. Using recombinant P proteins, we demonstrated that sera from breast carcinoma patients (8/75) displayed significant reactivity to P0 protein when compared with healthy donor sera (0/45). Four out of the eight sera showed simultaneous reactivity to all P proteins. Breast benign tumor (3/17) and mammary hyperplasia (3/17) patient sera also showed significant reactivity to P proteins, thus suggesting that the occurrence of P protein autoantibodies might reveal mammary cell cycle dysregulation. Patient sera reacting with all P proteins recognized C-22 P0. Anti-P0 autoantibodies did not correlate with prognostic parameters of breast carcinomas. High level expression of C-22 P0 was found in mammary carcinomas compared with normal adjacent epithelium and benign lesions. To determine the antitumor activity of P0 as an immunogen, BALB-neuT transgenic mice displaying age-related breast cancer progression were vaccinated using xenogeneic P0 at the stage of mammary atypical hyperplasia. P0 vaccination significantly delayed the onset of mouse mammary tumors that overexpressed C-22 P0. Sera from P0 vaccinated mice recognized C-22 P0. Evidence for immunity to the P0 protein, its overexpression in carcinomas and its peculiar surface localization on cancer cells, along with its antitumor activity as an immunogen might be relevant for the use of P0 protein in monitoring cancer progression and in planning immunotherapeutic strategies

Efficacy and safety of intravenous paracetamol in comparison to ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: Study protocol for a randomized control trial

Background: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is one of most common complications in preterm infants. Although ibuprofen represents the first choice for the closure of PDA, this treatment can cause severe gastrointestinal and adverse renal effects and worsen platelet function. The successful closure of the PDA with paracetamol has been recently reported in several preterm infants, and the safety of paracetamol for this use has been suggested by the available data. Methods/design: We present the design of a randomized, multicenter, controlled study, whose aim is to assess the effectiveness and safety of intravenous paracetamol in comparison to intravenous ibuprofen for the treatment of PDA in preterm infants. A total of 110 infants born at 25 +0 to 31 +6 weeks of gestational age will be enrolled and randomized to receive paracetamol or ibuprofen (55 patients per group) starting at 24-72h of life. The primary endpoint of the study is the comparison of the PDA closing rate observed after a 3-day course with paracetamol or ibuprofen. The secondary endpoints include the closure rate of PDA after the second course of treatment with ibuprofen, the re-opening rate of the PDA, the incidence of surgical ligation, and the occurrence of adverse effects. Discussion: The results of this study will provide new information about the possible use of paracetamol in the treatment of PDA. Paracetamol could offer several important therapeutic advantages over current treatment options, and it could become the treatment of choice for the management of PDA, mainly due to its more favorable side effect profile. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02422966. Eudract no. 2013-003883-30

Draft genome sequence and biofilm production of a carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KpR405) sequence type 405 strain isolated in Italy

Rapid identification and characterization of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains is essential to diagnose severe infections in patients. In clinical routine practice, K. pneumoniae is frequently identified and characterized for outbreak investigation. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis or multilocus sequence typing could be used, but, unfortunately, these methods are time-consuming, laborious, expensive, and do not provide any information about the presence of resistance and virulence genes. In recent years, the decreasing cost of next-generation sequencing and its easy use have led to it being considered a useful method, not only for outbreak surveillance but also for rapid identification and evaluation, in a single step, of virulence factors and resistance genes. Carbapenem-resistant strains of K. pneumoniae have become endemic in Italy, and in these strains the ability to form biofilms, communities of bacteria fixed in an extracellular matrix, can defend the pathogen from the host immune response as well as from antibiotics, improving its persistence in epithelial tissues and on medical device surfaces

Benznidazole in cerebrospinal fluid: A case series of chagas disease meningoencephalitis in hiv-positive patients

Chagas disease reactivation in HIV-positive people is an opportunistic infection with 79 to 100% mortality. It commonly involves the central nervous system (CNS). Early treatment with trypanocidal drugs such as benznidazole (BNZ) is crucial for this severe manifestation of Trypanosoma cruzi infection. However, limited BNZ clinical pharmacology data are available, especially its concentration in the CNS. We report a series of HIV-positive patients undergoing treatment for T. cruzi meningoencephalitis, their clinical response, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma BNZ concentrations. Measurements were carried out using leftover samples originally obtained for routine medical care. A high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry bioanalytical method designed for BNZ plasma measurements was adapted and validated for CSF samples. Six patients were enrolled in this study from 2015 to 2019. A total of 6 CSF and 19 plasma samples were obtained. Only three of the CSF samples had detectable BNZ levels, all under 1mg/ml. Fifteen plasma samples had detectable BNZ, and 13 were above 2mg/ml, which is the putative trypanocidal level. We observed BNZ concentrations in human CSF and plasma. CSF BNZ concentrations were low or not measurable in all patients, suggesting that the usual BNZ doses may be suboptimal in HIV-positive patients with T. cruzi meningoencephalitis. While drug-drug and drug-disease interactions may be in part responsible, the factors leading to low CSF BNZ levels remain to be studied in detail. These findings highlight the potential of therapeutic drug monitoring in BNZ treatment and suggest that the use of higher doses may be useful for Chagas disease CNS reactivations

A Nuclear Export Signal in KHNYN Required for Its Antiviral Activity Evolved as ZAP Emerged in Tetrapods

The zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) inhibits viral replication by directly binding CpG dinucleotides in cytoplasmic viral RNA to inhibit protein synthesis and target the RNA for degradation. ZAP evolved in tetrapods and there are clear orthologs in reptiles, birds, and mammals. When ZAP emerged, other proteins may have evolved to become cofactors for its antiviral activity. KHNYN is a putative endoribonuclease that is required for ZAP to restrict retroviruses. To determine its evolutionary path after ZAP emerged, we compared KHNYN orthologs in mammals and reptiles to those in fish, which do not encode ZAP. This identified residues in KHNYN that are highly conserved in species that encode ZAP, including several in the CUBAN domain. The CUBAN domain interacts with NEDD8 and Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases. Deletion of the CUBAN domain decreased KHNYN antiviral activity, increased protein expression and increased nuclear localization. However, mutation of residues required for the CUBAN domain-NEDD8 interaction increased KHNYN abundance but did not affect its antiviral activity or cytoplasmic localization, indicating that Cullin-mediated degradation may control its homeostasis and regulation of protein turnover is separable from its antiviral activity. By contrast, the C-terminal residues in the CUBAN domain form a CRM1-dependent nuclear export signal (NES) that is required for its antiviral activity. Deletion or mutation of the NES increased KHNYN nuclear localization and decreased its interaction with ZAP. The final 2 positions of this NES are not present in fish KHNYN orthologs and we hypothesize their evolution allowed KHNYN to act as a ZAP cofactor. IMPORTANCE The interferon system is part of the innate immune response that inhibits viruses and other pathogens. This system emerged approximately 500 million years ago in early vertebrates. Since then, some genes have evolved to become antiviral interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) while others evolved so their encoded protein could interact with proteins encoded by ISGs and contribute to their activity. However, this remains poorly characterized. ZAP is an ISG that arose during tetrapod evolution and inhibits viral replication. Because KHNYN interacts with ZAP and is required for its antiviral activity against retroviruses, we conducted an evolutionary analysis to determine how specific amino acids in KHNYN evolved after ZAP emerged. This identified a nuclear export signal that evolved in tetrapods and is required for KHNYN to traffic in the cell and interact with ZAP. Overall, specific residues in KHNYN evolved to allow it to act as a cofactor for ZAP antiviral activity