Consumo de matéria seca e desempenho de novilhas das raças Girolando e Guzerá sob suplementação na caatinga, na época chuvosa, em Pernambuco, Brasil

Com os objetivos de estimar o consumo de matéria seca e avaliar a variação do peso vivo de novilhas, conduziu-se um experimento no período entre março e julho de 2003, com quatro estratégias de suplementação: sem suplementação (controle); torta de algodão (1 kg); palma-forrageira (10 kg); e de palma (5,0 kg) + torta de algodão (0,5 kg). O fornecimento de suplemento não influenciou o consumo de matéria seca (MS) do pasto nativo, no entanto afetou o consumo de MS total. O consumo de matéria seca total diferiu entre as raças, com valores de 5,44 e 6,75 kg/dia, respectivamente, para as raças Guzerá e Girolando. Nos animais sob suplementação com torta de algodão, o consumo de MS total foi superior ao do grupo controle (sem suplementação), porém semelhante ao daqueles sob suplementação com palma-forrageira e com torta de algodão + palma-forrageira. O ganho de peso vivo médio diário (de 517 e 434 g/animal, respectivamente, para os grupos Girolando e Guzerá) não diferiu entre as raças nem foi influenciado pela interação raça õ suplementação. Entre as estratégias de suplementação, no entanto, os valores tiveram diferença significativa e foram de 412, 620, 371 e 498 g/animal/dia, respectivamente, para os grupos controle e sob suplementação com torta de algodão; palma-forrageira; torta de algodão + palma-forrageira. No semiárido de Pernambuco, a suplementação com 1 kg de torta de algodão na época chuvosa do ano melhora o ganho de peso médio diário, independentemente da raça do animal

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans – anteaters, sloths, and armadillos – have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with 24 domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, ten anteaters, and six sloths. Our dataset includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data-paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the south of the USA, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to its austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n=5,941), and Cyclopes sp. has the fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n=11,588), and the least recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n=33). With regards to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n=962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other datasets of Neotropical Series which will become available very soon (i.e. Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans dataset

Field-evolved resistance to λ-cyhalothrin in the lady beetle<i>Eriopis connexa</i>

AbstractNatural enemies are exposed to insecticide sprays for herbivorous species and may evolve field resistance to insecticides. Natural enemies selected for resistance in the field, however, are welcome for pest control. The susceptibility of 20 populations ofEriopis connexafrom various crop ecosystems to λ-cyhalothrin was tested. Three bioassays were conducted: (i) topical treatment with lethal dose (LD)50previously determined for populations considered standard for susceptibility (LD50S) and for resistance (LD50R) to λ-cyhalothrin at technical grade; (ii) dose–mortality assay to calculate the LD for populations exhibiting significant survival to the LD50R; and (iii) determination of survival when exposed to dried residues at field rates. Among the 20 tested populations, seven populations did not survive or survival rates were lower than 10% when treated with LD50R; three populations survived &gt;20%, but lower than 50%; while ten populations exhibited equal or greater survival rates compared with the 50% expected survival for the LD50R. Thus, these ten populations were subjected to dose–mortality response, and the LD50values varied from 0.046 to 5.44 µg a.i./insect with resistance ratio of 8.52- to 884.08-folds. Adults from these ten populations that were ranked as resistant according to the LD50Rexhibited survival from 44.5 to 100% exposed to the lowest and from 38.8 to 100% exposed to the highest field rates of λ-cyhalothrin, respectively. Otherwise, the remaining ten populations ranked as susceptible according to the LD50Rshowed survival from 3.3 to 56% exposed to the lowest and from 0 to 17.7% exposed to the highest field rates of λ-cyhalothrin, respectively. Therefore, 50% of the testedE. connexapopulations exhibited field-evolved resistance to λ-cyhalothrin and the use of a discriminatory LD50for resistance matched the survival obtained when exposed to the insecticide field rates.</jats:p