On the nature of the spin-polarized hole states in a quasi-two-dimensional GaMnAs ferromagnetic layer

A self-consistent calculation of the density of states and the spectral density function is performed in a two-dimensional spin-polarized hole system based on a multiple-scattering approximation. Using parameters corresponding to GaMnAs thin layers, a wide range of Mn concentrations and hole densities have been explored to understand the nature, localized or extended, of the spin-polarized holes at the Fermi level for several values of the average magnetization of the Mn ystem. We show that, for a certain interval of Mn and hole densities, an increase on the magnetic order of the Mn ions come together with a change of the nature of the states at the Fermi level. This fact provides a delocalization of spin-polarized extended states anti-aligned to the average Mn magnetization, and a higher spin-polarization of the hole gas. These results are consistent with the occurrence of ferromagnetism with relatively high transition temperatures observed in some thin film samples and multilayered structures of this material.Comment: 3 page

Spin-polarized transport in ferromagnetic multilayered semiconductor nanostructures

The occurrence of inhomogeneous spin-density distribution in multilayered ferromagnetic diluted magnetic semiconductor nanostructures leads to strong dependence of the spin-polarized transport properties on these systems. The spin-dependent mobility, conductivity and resistivity in (Ga,Mn)As/GaAs,(Ga,Mn)N/GaN, and (Si,Mn)/Si multilayers are calculated as a function of temperature, scaled by the average magnetization of the diluted magnetic semiconductor layers. An increase of the resistivity near the transition temperature is obtained. We observed that the spin-polarized transport properties changes strongly among the three materials.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figure

Interação mutualística entre Aethalion reticulatum (Hemiptera: Aethalionidae), abelhas-sem-ferrão e formiga, em açaizeiro no estado do Acre.

Foi verificada a associação entre a cigarrinha-das-frutíferas, Aetalion reticulatum (Hemiptera: Aethalionidade) e duas espécies de abelhas-sem-ferrão do gênero Trigona, além de uma espécie de formiga do gênero Camponotus, em plantas de açaí-de-touceira, Euterpe oleracea (Arecaceae), em Rio Branco, AC. Foram realizadas vistorias em plantio de açaizeiro, localizado no Campo Experimental da Embrapa Acre (10°01'26''S; 67°41'39''W), onde foi constatada uma alta infestação de A. reticulatum em ráquilas açaizeiro, provenientes de uma população melhorada geneticamente da cultivar BRS-Pará. Em algumas plantas vistoriadas foi verificada a associação entre A. reticulatum e duas espécies de meliponíneos (Trigona spp.), as quais estimulavam as cigarrinhas a liberarem o exsudado (honeydew), por meio do caminhar sobre o corpo e batimento das antenas no abdômen dos hemípteros. O mesmo comportamento foi verificado para uma espécie de formiga-doceira (Camponotus sp.), a qual também recolhia o alimento açucarado, no momento em que era liberado pelas cigarrinhas. A suposição da existência do mutualismo se baseou na constatação do fornecimento de honeydew, produzido pelas cigarrinhas, às abelhas e/ou formiga, que, por sua vez, protegiam as cigarrinhas da aproximação de outros insetos e apresentavam comportamento agressivo pela aproximação de pessoas. No entanto, não foi verificada a presença de abelhas e formigas associadas às cigarrinhas simultaneamente, bem como não foi verificado a presença das duas espécies de Trigona, associadas à mesma colônia de cigarrinhas, nas plantas amostradas. Este registro configura no primeiro relato da associação de A. reticulatum com formiga e meliponíneos no estado do Acre, e em açaizeiro

A semiquantitative approach to the impurity-band-related transport properties of GaMnAs nanolayers

We investigate the spin-polarized transport of GaMnAs nanolayers in which a ferromagnetic order exists below a certain transition temperature. Our calculation for the self-averaged resistivity takes into account the existence of an impurity band determining the extended ("metallic" transport) or localized (hopping by thermal excitation) nature of the states at and near the Fermi level. Magnetic order and resistivity are inter-related due to the influence of the spin polarization of the impurity band and the effect of the Zeeman splitting on the mobility edge. We obtain, for a given range of Mn concentration and carrier density, a "metallic" behavior in which the transport by extended carriers dominates at low temperature, and is dominated by the thermally excited localized carriers near and above the transition temperature. This gives rise to a conspicuous hump of the resistivity which has been experimentally observed and brings light onto the relationship between transport and magnetic properties of this material

Secagem de lenha de Eucalyptus dunnii ao ar livre para energia.

Resumo

Avaliação do carvão produzido a partir de resíduos da produção de sementes de brachiária.

EVINCI. Resumo

Forage Quality Evaluation of Chopped Elephantgrass Hay through Intake and Digestibility Trial

The research was carried out to evaluate forage quality of chopped elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) hay and to define a proper stage for cutting and haymaking of this grass. Chemical composition, voluntary intake, and apparent digestibility of the hays were studied at five different growth stages (30, 48, 63, 76, and 91 days). Twenty-five common wethers were utilized in a completely randomized experimental design. Dry matter (DM) voluntary intake was not different (P\u3e 0.05) from 30 to 63 days of regrowth and from 63 to 91 days and comprised 3.9; 3.5; 3.2; 2.1; and 2.4% of animal liveweight, respectively from 30 to 91 days. Digestibility coefficients of DM; OM; CP; EE; NDF; and ADF decreased linearly (P\u3c 0.001) as plant aged. At the experimental conditions haymaking of chopped elephantgrass showed good potential as a forage storage practice, particularly for low-input familial agricultural systems. According to DM yield, chemical composition, voluntary intake and apparent digestibility, the best grass cutting stage for haymaking occurred between 30 and 63 days