1,475 research outputs found
Some Characteristics of Polar Bears Killed during Conflicts with Humans in the Northwest Territories, 1976-86
We examined 265 cases where polar bears were killed in the Northwest Territories as a result of bear-human encounters between 1 July 1976 and 30 June 1986. Age and sex of the bears, time of year and general circumstances of the cases were characterized. Subadult animals constituted 53% of the aged sample, and males accounted for 70% of the sexed bears. Subadult males represented 40% of known age and sex bears. Problem kills occurred throughout the year but were most frequent in the ice-free season (August-November). In 222 cases where circumstances surrounding the death were known, 63% were associated with Inuit on the land, 18% with settlements, 15% were industrial sites and 4% with research activities. Most problem kills (87%) were not included in the quota harvest. This mortality in excess of the quota may adversely affect some populations. Therefore, wherever possible we encourage the inclusion of problem bears on community quotas.Key words: polar bear (Ursus maritimus), problem bears, bear-human encounters, Arctic, Northwest TerritoriesMots clés: ours polaire (Ursus maririmus), ours-problèmes, rencontres entre l’homme et l’ours, Arctique, Territoires du Nord-Oues
Birth weight, feeding practices and pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) in infants diagnosed with cystic fibrosis by newborn screening – 10 years experience
373* Respiratory exacerbations in childhood associated with compound heterozygote CFTR genotype ΔF508/R117H on a background of 7T polythymidine tract at intron 8
Power and the translator: Joseph Conrad in Chinese translations during the Republican era (1912-1937)
When he died in 1924, Joseph Conrad, who was named a ‘racist’ by Chinua Achebe
(1977) and defended by others as taking an anti-imperialist stance (Brantlinger 1996), was a
total stranger to the Chinese readers, whose country was made a semi-colony in the late
nineteenth century. In the 1930s, however, four of his works were translated and published
within four years, all commissioned by the Committee on Editing and Translation funded by
the China Foundation for the Promotion of Education and Culture.
The thesis investigates the Chinese translations of Conrad’s works published during the
Republican Era in 1912-1937, exploring the power relations between the translators as agents
and the social structure in which they operated. The thesis is divided into six chapters. After
the introduction, I describe, in Chapter 2, the translators’ practice in terms of their narrating
positions on the textual and paratextual levels as reflected in the translations of the sea
stories borrowing analytical models on narrative discourse devised by Gérard Genette and
Roger Fowler. I proceed in Chapter 3 with an account of the commissioner, tracking down
the organization of the China Foundation and the Committee on Editing and Translation
which initiated the project of translating World Classics (including Conrad’s works) in the
1930s. In Chapter 4, I reassess the notion of ‘faithfulness’, a key concept in the discourse of
translation in theory and criticism at the time. Using Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of practice as
the theoretical framework, I argue that the practice of the translators, who created the image
of Conrad through their translations, can be explained with reference to their relations with
other agents (commissioners, theorists, critics, etc.) occupying different positions within the
intellectual field, and the habitus which mediated their position and the social structure they
were engaged in Chapter 5, followed by the conclusion
Cystic fibrosis co-existing with trisomy 21
AbstractPrevious reports of children with co-existence of cystic fibrosis and full trisomy 21 suggest a very poor prognosis, with the majority of cases dying in infancy and the oldest reported survivor being 6years of age. We report the case of a young man with genetically confirmed trisomy 21 and homozygous for the F508del cystic fibrosis mutation. Despite the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis being delayed until the age of 2years he has transitioned to adult services and is now 25years of age. Currently he has poor lung function and a continuous ambulatory oxygen requirement
Comparison of gene expression profile between human chondrons and chondrocytes: a cDNA microarray study
SummaryObjectiveThe chondron is a basic unit of articular cartilage that includes the chondrocyte and its pericellular matrix (PCM). This current study was designed to investigate the effects of the chondron PCM on the gene expression profile of chondrocytes.DesignChondrons and chondrocytes were enzymatically isolated from human articular cartilage, and maintained in pellet culture. Pellets of chondrons or chondrocytes were collected at days 1, 3 and 5 for cDNA microarray analysis.ResultsIn comparison with chondrocytes alone, chondrons had 258 genes, in a broad range of functional categories, either up- or downregulated at the three time points tested. At day 1, 26 genes were significantly upregulated in chondrons and four downregulated in comparison to chondrocytes. At day 3, the number of upregulated chondron genes was 97 and the number downregulated was 43. By day 5, there were more downregulated genes (56) than upregulated genes (32) in chondrons. Upregulation of a group of heat shock proteins (HSPA1A, HSPA2 and HSPA8) in chondrons was validated by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Genes related to chondrocyte hypertrophy and dedifferentiation such as SSP1 and DCN were downregulated in chondrons as compared to the expression in chondrocytes.ConclusionThe presence of the PCM in chondrons has a profound influence on chondrocyte gene expression. Upregulation of the heat shock protein 70 may contribute to the robustness and active matrix production of chondrons. The intact PCM may further stabilize the phenotype of chondrocytes within chondrons
Comparison of gene expression profile between human chondrons and chondrocytes: a cDNA microarray study
OBJECTIVE: The chondron is a basic unit of articular cartilage that includes the chondrocyte and its pericellular matrix (PCM). This current study was designed to investigate the effects of the chondron PCM on the gene expression profile of chondrocytes. DESIGN: Chondrons and chondrocytes were enzymatically isolated from human articular cartilage, and maintained in pellet culture. Pellets of chondrons or chondrocytes were collected at days 1, 3 and 5 for cDNA microarray analysis. RESULTS: In comparison with chondrocytes alone, chondrons had 258 genes, in a broad range of functional categories, either up- or downregulated at the three time points tested. At day 1, 26 genes were significantly upregulated in chondrons and four downregulated in comparison to chondrocytes. At day 3, the number of upregulated chondron genes was 97 and the number downregulated was 43. By day 5, there were more downregulated genes (56) than upregulated genes (32) in chondrons. Upregulation of a group of heat shock proteins (HSPA1A, HSPA2 and HSPA8) in chondrons was validated by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Genes related to chondrocyte hypertrophy and dedifferentiation such as SSP1 and DCN were downregulated in chondrons as compared to the expression in chondrocytes. CONCLUSION: The presence of the PCM in chondrons has a profound influence on chondrocyte gene expression. Upregulation of the heat shock protein 70 may contribute to the robustness and active matrix production of chondrons. The intact PCM may further stabilize the phenotype of chondrocytes within chondrons
Two-Dimensional Picture Grammar Models.
A new theoretical model of grammatical picture generation
called extended 2D context-free picture grammar
(E2DCFPG) generating rectangular picture arrays of symbols
is introduced. This model which allows variables in
the grammar and uses the squeezing mechanism of forming
the picture language over terminal symbols, is an extension
of the pure 2D context-free picture grammar (P2DCFPG)
[13]. The extended picture grammar model E2DCFPG
is shown to have more picture generative power than the
P2DCFPG and certain other existing 2D models. Certain
closure and other properties of this new model are also examine
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