Body composition, VO2máx. and the lifestyle of young students of the higher education

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to characterize the subjects of the sample in what concerns their corporal composition, through the index of corporal mass and of the percentage of fat mass, their cardiorespiratory capacity, their eating and smoking habits, and indexes of practice of physical activity. It also aimed to verify if there were statistically relevant relationships between these variables. METHODS: The study was carried out in 2006 and 2007, in Beja, a city in the South of Portugal. The sample comprised 183 students attending the first year of all the courses of a higher education institution in the school year of 2006/07, with ages ranging from 18 to 40 years old. Through a questionnaire, the Astrand Test, and the technique of electric bioimpedance, we obtained the results that allowed us to reach the intended objectives. We used the program Bodygram to obtain the data related to the index of corporal mass and the percentage of fat mass, and the program SPSS, version 14.0, to accomplish the descriptive analysis of the data, a variance analysis and also a correlational analysis. RESULTS: We found evidence that 62.8% of the subjects of the sample presented values of percentage of fat mass above the recommended limits and that 55.7% obtained very low values of VO2max. We also found that 61.7% didn't consider themselves active subjects in what concerns the regular practice of physical activity, and that this variable was correlated with VO2máx. (p=0.01) CONCLUSIONS: We could conclude that most of the subjects of our sample presented low indexes of physical activity, deficient cardiorespiratory capacity and high values in what concerns the percentage of fat mass. The practice of physical activity showed to be positively correlated with the cardiorespiratory capacity. It is necessary to implement more effective campaigns to combat obesity and to sensitize for the regular practice of physical activity and for good eating habits

Tratamientos de consolidación aplicados en materiales cerámicos: ¿Son homogéneos?

The mass consolidation treatment of azulejos is necessary when ceramic biscuits show signs of disaggregation. Such treatment is often used as a complementary conservation technique to the reestablishment of weakened glaze-ceramic bonds. In this research, two commonly used consolidants (ethyl silicate and acrylic resin) were tested on artisanal ceramic tiles via mass consolidation and the resulting impregnation profiles were evaluated. The results indicated that after consolidation, hard zones frequently formed due to localized consolidant concentration after the polymerization and curing processes. These inhomogeneous hard zones subsequently influenced the results obtained through conventional mechanical strength testing (i.e. flexural and compression), creating a false impression of success. This research demonstrated that by using the Drilling Resistance Measuring System, impregnation characteristics such as penetration depth and distribution of consolidant could be observed that otherwise could not be discerned through the more common testing methods. As such, a more extensive evaluation of consolidation effects was achieved.En la conservación de los azulejos alterados se utilizan productos con acción consolidante a fin de recuperar la cohesión del cuerpo cerámico disgregado. En este trabajo se investiga el efecto de la consolidación de dos productos muy utilizados en la práctica de la conservación de los azulejos (un silicato de etilo comercial y una resina acrílica), aplicados en un material cerámico artesanal. Los resultados obtenidos indican que pueden producirse zonas con resistencias mayores debido a la concentración local del producto y, a la vez de un material consolidado homogéneo, resulta un material heterogéneo. Por otro lado, la existencia de estas zonas puede conducir a falsos resultados en los ensayos destructivos (resistencia mecánica a la flexión y compresión) utilizados frecuentemente en la evaluación de la acción de consolidación. Se demuestra que mediante el uso de la resistencia a la perforación (DRMS) es posible definir las características, la distribución y el patrón de impregnación, los cuales no pueden ser observadas por los métodos comúnmente utilizados

Effect of Calcium Carbonate Residues from Cement Industries on the Phenolic Composition and Yield of Shiraz Grapes

Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites synthesised in response to biotic or abiotic stress in plants.  This stress-induced increase in phenolic compound concentrations is generally activated by internal levels of abscisic acid (ABA). The exogenous application of ABA or calcium chloride on grapevines is also known to increase grape yield and alter the phenolic composition of grapes. Residues of cement industries such as calcium carbonates (CaCO3) are a safe environmental source of calcium that could be used to induce the synthesis of phenolic compounds and act as a yield promoter in grapes and other crops. Consequently, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cement industries’ CaCO3 residues (CaCO3R) on the yield and concentration of phenolic compounds in Shiraz grapes. Thirteen phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD. Malvidin-3-O-glucoside was the major anthocyanin found inShiraz grapes, and its concentration increased by more than 200% in CaCO3R-treated vines. Similarly, the concentration of cinnamic acid, the main precursor of phenolic compounds, increased by more than 900%in grapes treated with CaCO3 residues at harvest time. Finally, catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin B1 and B2 increased significantly at harvest time in CaCO3R-treated grapes relative to the controls. In general, it was found that foliar application of CaCO3 residues from the cement industry at véraison induced an increase in yield, and in the concentration and composition of phenolic compounds in grapes

Eficiência de escórias de siderurgia na cultura do feijoeiro em sistema de semeadura direta

In the no till system, soil acidity correction practice is restricted to limestone use and there is little information regarding slag. The study aimed to evaluate the amendments in soil chemical properties, yield and bean nutrient uptake according to the application forms of slags, compared to limestone, in the implantation of no till system. The experiment was conducted in the field at College of Agricultural Sciences, Botucatu (SP) from December 2010 to May2011. The treatments consisted of two application ways of seven soil acidity correctives: steel slag, blast furnace slag, ladle furnace slag, stainless steel slag (agrosilício), wollastonite, lime and calcined dolomite lime, plus one control without corrective application. Each material dose was calculated to raise the base saturation to 70%. Soil acidity was neutralized down to 20cm with limestones, whereas for wollastonite and ladle furnace slag those effects occurred down to 10cm, for steel slag, blast furnace slag and agrosilício the corrective effect was restricted to the first 5cm. The bean yield increased by application of correctives in soil acidity, without differences between the application ways.Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho', Rua Jose Barbosa de Barros, 1780 Jardim Paraiso, 18610-307, Botucatu, SPUniversidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho', Rua Jose Barbosa de Barros, 1780 Jardim Paraiso, 18610-307, Botucatu, S

Updated Results of TBCRC026: Phase II Trial Correlating Standardized Uptake Value With Pathological Complete Response to Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab in Breast Cancer

PURPOSE: Predictive biomarkers to identify patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer who may benefit from targeted therapy alone are required. We hypothesized that early measurements of tumor maximum standardized uptake value corrected for lean body mass (SULmax) on 18F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) would predict pathologic complete response (pCR) to pertuzumab and trastuzumab (PT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with stage II or III, estrogen receptor-negative, HER2-positive breast cancer received four cycles of neoadjuvant PT. 18F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography was performed at baseline and 15 days after PT initiation (C1D15). Eighty evaluable patients were required to test the null hypothesis that the area under the curve of percent change in SULmax by C1D15 predicting pCR is ≤ 0.65, with a one-sided type I error rate of 10%. RESULTS: Eighty-eight women were enrolled (83 evaluable), and 85% (75 of 88) completed all four cycles of PT. pCR after PT alone was 22%. Receiver operator characteristic analysis of percent change in SULmax by C1D15 yielded an area under the curve of 0.72 (80% CI, 0.64 to 0.80; one-sided P = .12), which did not reject the null hypothesis. However, between patients who obtained pCR and who did not, a significant difference in median percent reduction in SULmax by C1D15 was observed (63.8% v 41.8%; P = .004) and SULmax reduction ≥ 40% was more prevalent (83% v 52%; P = .03; positive predictive value, 31%). Participants not obtaining a 40% reduction in SULmax by C1D15 were unlikely to obtain pCR (negative predictive value, 91%). CONCLUSION: Although the primary objective was not met, early changes in SULmax predict response to PT in estrogen receptor-negative and HER2-positive breast cancer. Once optimized, this quantitative imaging strategy may facilitate tailoring of therapy in this setting

DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL DO BICHO-FURÃO,Gymnandrosoma aurantiana (Lima, 1927)(LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE),EM CITROS UTILIZANDO GEOESTATÍSTICA

RESUMO O bicho-furão, Gymnandrosoma aurantiana (Lima, 1927), é uma das principais pragas da citricultura brasileira, pois os frutos atacados pelas lagartas tornam-se inviáveis para o consumo in natura e processamento industrial. Objetivou-se estudar a distribuição espacial dos danos causados por G. aurantiana utilizando geoestatística. Para tanto, foi conduzido um experimento em um pomar de laranjeira-doce da variedade ‘Valência’, enxertado sobre limoeiro ‘Cravo’, localizado em Taquaritinga-SP, Brasil. A área foi dividida em 88 parcelas, sendo cada parcela formada por 30 plantas dispostas em três linhas de 10 plantas, e em seguida foi obtido o número de frutos atacados para os anos de 2007 e 2008. A distribuição dos frutos atacados pela praga foi agregada ao longo das avaliações, com variância maior que a média para todas as amostragens. Os dados apresentaram ajuste adequado segundo o modelo esférico, e o alcance da dependência espacial (a) variou entre 40,66 e 135,40 m. A estimativa de frutos atacados nas áreas não amostradas foi obtida pela krigagem, e os principais focos da praga foram observados nas parcelas próximas aos limites da área experimental

Transfer of passive immunity and serum proteinogram in the first six months of life of Criollo Lageano and black and white holstein calves

The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the transfer of passive immunity and the proteinogram in Criollo Lageano (CL) and Black and White Holstein (BWH) calves. Two groups were utilized with 13 Criollo Lageano and 10 BWH calves. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of total serum protein, electrophoresis of serum proteins, activity of the gamma glutamyl transferase, and concentration of IgG by the method of the zinc sulfate turbidity in periods between 24 and 36 hours of life, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Tukey test at 5% significance level, and correlations between variables were calculated. Variations of serum proteins followed a pattern of physiological behavior over the first six months of life and production of immunoglobulins was active earlier in BWH calves and slower in the Criollo Lageano, without causing any impact on their health. Gamma globulin in the first days of life (24-36h) was correlated with IgG (r=0.87 for CL and r=0.89 for BWH), PTS (r=0.91 for CL and r=0.92 for BWH), Glob (r=0.99 for CL and r=0.98 for BWH) and GGT (r=0.14 for CL and r=0.83 for BWH). It was concluded that there was no failure in the transfer of passive immunity in Criollo Lageano calves but this failure occurred in the BWH calves. IgG values estimated by the zinc sulfate turbidity and serum proteins were considered good indicators of the transfer of passive immunity in calves between 24 and 36 hours of life

Phase II trial correlating standardized uptake value with pathologic complete response to pertuzumab and trastuzumab in breast cancer

PURPOSE Predictive biomarkers to identify patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive breast cancer who may benefit from targeted therapy alone are required. We hypothesized that early measurements of tumor maximum standardized uptake values corrected for lean body mass (SULmax) on [ 18 F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography would predict pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant pertuzumab and trastuzumab (PT). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with stage II/III, estrogen receptor–negative, HER2-positive breast cancer received four cycles of neoadjuvant PT. [ 18 F]Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography was performed at baseline and 15 days after PT initiation (C1D15). Eighty evaluable patients were required to test the null hypothesis that the area under the curve of percentage of change in SULmax by C1D15 predicting pCR is less than or equal to 0.65, with a one-sided type I error rate of 10%. RESULTS Eighty-eight women were enrolled (83 evaluable), and 85% (75 of 88) completed all four cycles of PT. pCR after PT alone was 34%. Receiver operating characteristic analysis yielded an area under the curve of 0.76 (90% CI, 0.67 to 0.85), which rejected the null hypothesis. Between patients who obtained pCR versus not, a significant difference in median percent reduction in SULmax by C1D15 was observed (63.8% v 33.5%; P, .001), an SULmax reduction greater than or equal to 40% was more prevalent (86% v 46%; P, .001; negative predictive value, 88%; positive predictive value, 49%), and a significant difference in median C1D15 SULmax (1.6 v 3.9; P, .001) and higher proportion of C1D15 SULmax less than or equal to 3 (93% v 38%; P, .001; negative predictive value, 94%; positive predictive value, 55%) were observed. CONCLUSION Early changes in SULmax predict response to four cycles of PT in estrogen receptor–negative, HER2-positive breast cancer. Once optimized, this quantitative imaging strategy may facilitate a more tailored approach to therapy in this setting