Risk Perceptions and Risk Management Strategies in French Oyster Farming

The article analyses risk perception in shellfish farming as well as farmers' willingness to rely on coverage mechanisms. Factor and econometric analyses (logit and ordered multinomial logit models) have shown that a number of socio-economic factors specific to farmers and their businesses contribute to defining their degree of risk perception and reliance on management tools. Beyond the conventional self-protective mechanisms, the study will focus on farmers' willingness to rely on risk-transfer mechanisms that the market has so far failed to provide.Shellfish farmers, risk perception, logit and ordered multinomial logit models, factor analyses, coverage instruments

Les limites de la couverture des risques en aquaculture : le cas des conchyliculteurs en France

Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons aux méthodes de gestion des risques dans le secteur conchylicole en France. Ce travail est motivé par le faible développement d'instruments spécifiques d'une part, la forte demande liée à une grande vulnérabilité du secteur d'autre part. Nous mettons en évidences les difficultés rencontrées dans la définition des risques liés au milieu de production et nous proposons une typologie de l'ensemble des risques conchylicoles. Nous montrons la prédominance des systèmes de solidarité et des mesures de prévention, face à la faible étendue des contrats d'assurance privée. Nous étudions les éléments d'inassurabilité des risques conchylicoles et nous montrons qu'il existe une forte ambiguïté pour ces risques et que l'étroitesse du secteur contribue fortement à des coûts de transaction élevés.Conchyliculture; risques aquacoles; couverture des risques

Modular Approach for Expert System toward Anomaly: N-Layers

International audience—Smart cities and smart homes are booming fields of development of pervasive systems. With the high stakes these systems have to manage, and their sheer complexity, anomalies have to be considered. In these complex systems are many connected components with computing capacities. They can manage anomalies, even if partially, and can act as some kind of expert systems. These expert systems can be relied upon to provide anomaly management. The complexity to manage generic expert systems brings us to suggest another approach. In this paper, the N-layers is discussed. It layers the various existing expert systems to organize them as a more generic expert system. It also aims to correct some difficulties to develop and integrate generic expert systems into various scales complex systems, such as smart cities or smart homes

A Framework for Anomaly Diagnosis in Smart Homes Based on Ontology

International audienceSmart homes are pervasive environments to enhance the comfort, the security, the safety and the energy consumption of the residence. An ambient intelligence system uses information of devices to represent the context of the home and its residents. Based on a context database, this system infer the daily life activities of the resident. Hence, abnormal behavior or chronic disease can be detected by the system. Due to the complexity of these systems, a large variety of anomalies may occur and disrupt the functioning of critical and essential applications. To detect anomalies and take appropriate measures, an anomaly management system has to be integrated in the overall architecture. In this paper, we propose an anomaly management framework for smart homes. This framework eases the work of designers in the conception of anomaly detection modules and processes to respond to an anomaly appropriately. Our framework can be used in all heterogeneous environments such as smart home because it uses Semantic Web ontologies to represent anomaly information. Our framework can be useful to detect hardware, software, network, operator and context faults. To test the efficiency of our anomaly management framework, we integrate it in the universAAL middleware. Based on a reasoner, our framework can easily infer some context anomalies and take appropriate measures to restore the system in a full functioning state

Risk Perceptions and Risk Management Strategies in French Oyster Farming

The article analyses risk perception in shellfish farming as well as farmers' willingness to rely on coverage mechanisms. Factor and econometric analyses (logit and ordered multinomial logit models) have shown that a number of socio-economic factors specific to farmers and their businesses contribute to defining their degree of risk perception and reliance on management tools. Beyond the conventional self-protective mechanisms, the study will focus on farmers' willingness to rely on risk-transfer mechanisms that the market has so far failed to provide

Toward a Generic Framework for Ubiquitous System

International audienceIn this paper we present a beginning work about industrial applications using WEB technologies. Systems to study are, for example, robot arms in factories, Heating Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems for commercial center or buildings, water distribution networks or power management consumption systems of corporate. WEB technologies give us new opportunities to collect the data, to analyze correlations of signals and external events, and finally to change in "soft real-time" the parameters of the managed system. But these applications can be strongly influenced by the behaviour of the communication network and its reliability. We describe the key points that we will explore in our further work

Virtual Reality to Improve Remote Control in Presence of Delays

International audienceThis paper presents the use of virtual reality in the context of remote control. Virtual reality may be used in a classical manner in order to simulate the behavior of a system, but also in parallel with the real system in order to improve the quality of the control, making it possible to deal with time delays induced by the network. Our proposal may be applied to various fields such as robotics, measurements systems, industrial applications or domotics