908 research outputs found

    Static and dynamic Jahn-Teller effect in the alkali metal fulleride salts A4C60 (A = K, Rb, Cs)

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    We report the temperature dependent mid- and near-infrared spectra of K4C60, Rb4C60 and Cs4C60. The splitting of the vibrational and electronic transitions indicates a molecular symmetry change of C604- which brings the fulleride anion from D2h to either a D3d or a D5d distortion. In contrast to Cs4C60, low temperature neutron diffraction measurements did not reveal a structural phase transition in either K4C60 and Rb4C60. This proves that the molecular transition is driven by the molecular Jahn-Teller effect, which overrides the distorting potential field of the surrounding cations at high temperature. In K4C60 and Rb4C60 we suggest a transition from a static to a dynamic Jahn-Teller state without changing the average structure. We studied the librations of these two fullerides by temperature dependent inelastic neutron scattering and conclude that both pseudorotation and jump reorientation are present in the dynamic Jahn-Teller state.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.

    Production of grape juice powder obtained by freeze-drying after concentration by reverse osmosis.

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    This study aimed to evaluate the freeze-drying process for obtaining grape juice powder by reverse osmosis using 50% grape juice pre-concentrated (28.5 Ā°Brix) and 50% hydrocolloids (37.5% maltodextrin and 12.5% arabic gum)

    EvoluĆ§Ć£o das classificaƧƵes em Pedopsiquiatria

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    Melhoramento genĆ©tico e produĆ§Ć£o de rainhas de Apis mellifera.

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    Gapped Excitations in the High-Pressure Antiferromagnetic Phase of URu2_2Si2_2

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    We report a neutron scattering study of the magnetic excitation spectrum in each of the three temperature and pressure driven phases of URu2_2Si2_2. We find qualitatively similar excitations throughout the (H0L) scattering plane in the hidden order and large moment phases, with no changes in the ā„Ļ‰\hbar\omega-widths of the excitations at the Ī£\Sigma = (1.407,0,0) and ZZ = (1,0,0) points, within our experimental resolution. There is, however, an increase in the gap at the Ī£\Sigma point from 4.2(2) meV to 5.5(3) meV, consistent with other indicators of enhanced antiferromagnetism under pressure.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl

    AvaliaĆ§Ć£o fisiolĆ³gica de sementes de mogno brasileiro (Swietenia macrophylla King.) em diferentes temperaturas e substratos.

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    Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar as caracterĆ­sticas biomĆ©tricas de frutos e sementes, e o efeito da temperatura e substrato na germinaĆ§Ć£o de sementes de mogno brasileiro. A mensuraĆ§Ć£o foi realizada com auxilio de paquĆ­metro digital, e para o teste de germinaĆ§Ć£o foi utilizado germinador com temperaturas constantes de 25Ā°C e 30Ā°C, e como substratos o papel toalha, a vermiculita, areia e areia+serragem. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com esquema fatorial 2x4 (temperaturas x substratos, respectivamente), com 4 repetiƧƵes e 25 sementes por parcela. Os resultados absolutos de contagem de germinaĆ§Ć£o foram transformados em percentagem, logo apĆ³s, transformados em arco seno (x/100)1/2 para normalizaĆ§Ć£o da distribuiĆ§Ć£o. No tratamento areia+serragem, nas condiƧƵes de temperaturas constantes iguais a 25Āŗ e 30Āŗ C os percentuais de germinaĆ§Ć£o foram superiores

    Viabilidade de sementes de paricĆ” (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber x Ducke) Barneby) pelo teste de tetrazĆ³lio.

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