9 research outputs found
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Facile synthesis of sustainable magnetic core-shell silicate nano copolymers for toxic metals extraction in fixed bed column
Heavy metals enter our environment through diverse resources, causing harmful effects owing to their inherent toxicity and facile migration into aqueous medium, becoming an environmental challenge. Among technologies able to remove these contaminants, the adsorption process emerges as a promising application for water treatment. Herein, functionalized silica magnetic nanoparticles using inorganic and organic have been employed as adsorbents to remove environmental hazards from wastewater effectively. Magnetic silicate core-shell amino-functionalized (Fe₃O₄ @SiO₂-AP) nanocomposites were synthesised using acrylic acid (AA) and para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) as dual copolymer for Cd (II) removal. The characterization analysis confirmed the formed crystal nanostructure and the copolymers were chemically introduced in the magnetic silicate core-shell nanoparticle. The Cd (II) adsorption results on (Fe₃O₄ @SiO₂-AP) nanocomposites achieved an impressive qmax of 32.50 mg/g at pH 8, adsorbent dosage of 3 g/L, and Cd (II) concentration of 100 ppm. The laboratory-scale fixed-bed column showed the breakthrough curves are flow rate independent, achieving metal removal of 99% for 405 min, at pH 8, influent ion concentration of 100 ppm, flow rate of 5 mL/min, and 1 cm bed height. The Freundlich model was the most suitable for fitting equilibrium data (R²adj = 0.981) indicating a multi-layer adsorption phenomenon in the heterogeneous surface sites of the (Fe₃O₄ @SiO₂-AP) nanocomposites. The pseudo-second-order model (R²adj =0.999) confirms that the adsorption rate depends on nanocomposites active sites and occurs by chemical sorption mechanism. The reusability adsorption-desorption experiments slightly decreased from 97.5 to 86.7% in the sixth cycle stability, demonstrating the material stability
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Carbon quantum dots conjugated with metal hybrid nanoparticles as advanced electrocatalyst for energy applications – a review
The recent advances in nanomaterials have led to speculation about the effectivity of carbon quantum dots applied as electrocatalysts for water splitting. An insufficient amount of research has been undergone into this proposed application, although CQDs exhibit great potential with rapid electron transfer rates, long-term stability and desirable morphologies. To evaluate various materials that could aid CQDs in their application as electrocatalysts for water splitting, investigate environmentally conscious synthesis routes and determine whether the application could be considered for commercial applications, numerous studies and articles were collated to obtain a comprehensive strategy for processing and analysing data. Further, investigating not only CQDs but metal alloy nanoparticles, along with their current uses and the other supporting materials they have been conjugated with, contributes to the significance to this work. Focusing on the extrapolated results of over potentials, current densities and production rates of both hydrogen and oxygen throughout electrolysis is of utmost importance. Notably, CQDs exhibited low Tafel slopes (35–45 mV/dec), along with crucial traits such as stability and rapid electron transfer rates, affirming their potential as electrocatalysts. Among the various metal alloy nanoparticles investigated, suitable candidates for conjugation were identified. Collectively, the collated data suggests that a CQD/metal alloy nanoparticle conjugation could enhance the water splitting process for commercial applications, particularly in the underexplored realm of hydrogen production. However, it remains imperative to perform experimental procedures to substantiate this proposition when feasible
Recent Developments in Adsorption of Dyes Using Graphene Based Nanomaterials
Dyes are frequently let out into the environment along with wastewater
sans necessary treatment. Fast, cost-effective, scientific and suitable elimination of
dyes from wastewaters has been an important problem for researchers. Adsorption
technique is a robust, well studied, widely employed and promising water treatment
method. In the last decade, nanocarbon based adsorbents have gained attention in
water treatment. These adsorbents are usually produced from low cost substrate and
are found to be highly efficient than other adsorbents. Recently, graphene based
nanomaterials are widely used as adsorbents to sorb various toxic organic contaminants
from aqueous solutions. It showed high efficiency due to its chemical
stability, structure, surface area and surface functional groups. So graphene are
called as ‘miracle material’. Recently nanographene composites are proven to be a
likely adsorbent for eliminating contaminants from the industrial effluents. In this
chapter, we have presented briefly the synthesis of graphene and its other variants
viz., GO, rGO and nano graphene composites. This chapter presents a small
introduction to adsorption principles and adsorption isotherms. It explains the
synthesis and use of nano graphene materials for the remediation of dyes. It also
consolidates the recent literature available for dye adsorption using graphene
materials and its mechanism