The Industrial Organization of Hong Kong's Progression Toward a Cashless Economy (1960s-2000s)

A dramatic change occurred in retail banking technology in Hong Kong between 1960 and 2000. Initially, the relevant technologies were installed and managed within the boundaries of large banks, such as HSBC. Over the course of this period, however, the industrial organization of the relevant technologies transformed to include provisions outsourced to nonbank institutions. This article seeks to account for this shift in the organization of computer technology. Specifically, the authors compare the adoption of computers at HSBC in the 1960s and 1970s with the Octopus micropayment system, which was developed in the 1990s by a consortium that excluded financial firms, thanks to the development (both in terms of depth and breadth) of an epistemic community of computer professionals and computer-literate managers in Hong Kong

Audiovisual narratives about the case Spain’s stolen babies

The critical discourse analysis is the tool used in this article, to study how audiovisual media have constructed mental representation about the historical facts occurred in Spain between the final stage of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) and the late 1980s: the theft of newborn babies. The State has failed in an attempt to establish policies that support truth, justice and reparation as it has been recalled by United Nations experts to the Government of Spain, and the reports and documentaries have become vehicles to capture and recover memories. Our objective is to analyze how this collective awareness has been realized and the contribution of reports and documentaries. Our results show that the Spanish television channels silence the Francoist context to depict the thefts as the product of economical mobs focused on child trafficking. The international channels, however, put the origin of the dictatorship at the center of the discourse

Deletion in human chromosome region 12q13-15 by integration of human papillomavirus DNA in a cervical carcinoma cell line

In human cervical carcinomas papillomavirus DNA is frequently integrated in the cell genome. We have cloned the integration site of human papillomavirus-18 DNA in human chromosome region 12q13-15 present in the SW756 cervical carcinoma cell line. Viral DNA is broken from nucleotides 2643 to 3418 in the E1 and E2 open reading frames, resulting in a deletion of 775 bases of viral DNA. Cloning and sequence analysis of the rearranged and germline alleles shows that there is no homology between the target cellular and viral DNA, suggesting it is a nonhomologous recombination. The target cellular region is called papillomavirus associated locus 2 (PAL2). The 5'- and 3'-flanking probes derived from the hybrid viral-cellular clone detect completely different germline restriction fragments in DNA from cells with normal chromosome 12. There is no overlap between the restriction maps of the target germline clones obtained with 5'- and 3'-flanking probes. Probes from these germline clones beyond the breakpoint position do not detect any DNA rearrangement in SW756 cells DNA. These data prove that there is a deletion of cellular DNA as consequence of the integration, with an estimated minimum size of 14 kilobases. Both cellular flanking probes are outside the amplicon of this chromosome region identified in the OSA and RMS13 sarcoma cell lines, comprising SAS-CHOP-CDK4-MDM2 genes and where translocation breakpoints are located in liposarcomas. The integration at 12q13-15 might have been selected by its contribution to the tumor phenotype.This work was supported in part by grants from Comisio ́n Inter-ministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologı ́a (SAF94/059), Fundacio ́n Ramo ́nAreces, and Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (FIS95/413). The costsof publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment ofpage charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “advertise-ment” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate thisfact.S

First report of a freshwater amphipod (Gammaridea: Hyalellidae), Hyalella azteca (Saussure), from nonanchihaline waters of Bermuda

The discovery of the freshwater amphipod H. azteca in Bermuda is reported. No freshwater amphipods have previously been recorded from open water pond habitats on this western Atlantic island. H. azteca in Bermuda presumably dispersed from nearby North American populations; several possible methods for dispersal are discussed. Distinctive morphological features of Bermuda H. azteca are compared with similar characters reported for other New World populations

Reviews

Milton, Spenser, and the Chronicles of Narnia: Literary Sources for C.S. Lewis\u27s Novels. Elizabeth Baird Hardy. Reviewed by Charles A. Huttar. C.S. Lewis: Life, Works, and Legacy. Edited by Bruce L. Edwards. Reviewed by Jason Fisher. The Company They Keep: C.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien as Writers in Community. Diana Pavlac Glyer. Reviewed by Andrew Lazo. Roots and Branches: Selected Papers on Tolkien. Tom Shippey. Reviewed by Jason Fisher