Future development of apricot blossom blight under climate change in Southern France

International audienceClimate change will have several consequences for agro-systems, one of which will concern changes to the development of pathogens. Because of the losses it causes, particularly in organic farming, Monilinia laxa is an important pathogen affecting apricot crops. This study focuses on the consequences of climate change regarding blossom and twig blight (Monilinia laxa) of apricot. To achieve this, a Climatic Index of cumulated Blight risk (CIB) was built, to obtain the weighted sum of blossom blight incidence throughout the blooming period. An epidemiological model to calculate the incidence of blossom blight during every potentially infectious episode and based on biological parameters, was calibrated using a trap pot experiment where trees were placed in orchards and subject to various meteorological conditions. The CIB derived from this model was evaluated on field data, and was shown to be a robust and useful tool to predict the effects of climate change on the development of apricot blight. Then, using the CIB with a phenological model to predict blooming periods in the future, we estimated the risks of apricot blight until 2100 on four contrasted apricot cultivars and in three geographical zones under climate change scenarios RCP 4.5 and 8.5. This study revealed different effects of climate change depending on the cultivar and altitude. Apricot trees would bloom earlier (up to a difference of 50 days between 1950 and 2100) under climate change. Under the combined effects of these shifts of blooming period and changing climatic conditions, late cultivars such as Bergarouge might see a reduction in the risk of blossom blight (down to 31%) because of warmer but dryer blooming periods. Other varieties (e.g.: Bergeron) could experience an increase in this risk by up to 27% with a shift of the blooming period towards rainier conditions at the highest altitudes. The results of this study could be used to anticipate future changes as well as be used at present as a decision-support tool for farmers

Elucidation of the ATP7B N-Domain Mg2+-ATP Coordination Site and Its Allosteric Regulation

The diagnostic of orphan genetic disease is often a puzzling task as less attention is paid to the elucidation of the pathophysiology of these rare disorders at the molecular level. We present here a multidisciplinary approach using molecular modeling tools and surface plasmonic resonance to study the function of the ATP7B protein, which is impaired in the Wilson disease. Experimentally validated in silico models allow the elucidation in the Nucleotide binding domain (N-domain) of the Mg2+-ATP coordination site and answer to the controversial role of the Mg2+ ion in the nucleotide binding process. The analysis of protein motions revealed a substantial effect on a long flexible loop branched to the N-domain protein core. We demonstrated the capacity of the loop to disrupt the interaction between Mg2+-ATP complex and the N-domain and propose a role for this loop in the allosteric regulation of the nucleotide binding process

Protonations enantioselectives d'enolates prochiraux : deracemisation d'acides carboxyliques et de derives carbonyles

SIGLECNRS T 59050 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Les adaptations croisées climatiques chez l humain (caractérisation, mécanismes et risques thermophysiologiques)

Les voyages transcontinentaux mais aussi les opérations militaires extérieures peuvent soumettre des personnes adaptées à une contrainte thermique donnée à une contrainte thermique opposée, les exposant à des risques médicaux thermophysiologiques (RMT) non évalués à ce jour. Cette situation recouvre le concept peu documenté des adaptations thermiques croisées (AC) dont les RMT sont inconnus. Utilisant des tests de sudation (Tdb=45 C, RH=10 %, 90 min) et des tests froids (Tdb=1 C, 120 min) chez l humain avant et après adaptation à la chaleur (28 j en Guyane) ou au froid (55 j en Arctique), nous avons caractérisé les AC chaleur/froid et froid/chaleur, décrit les mécanismes thermophysiologiques impliqués dans leur développement par manipulation en laboratoire des charges thermiques subies par 24 sujets et évalué les RMT. Une méthodologie générale pour l étude, la caractérisation et l évaluation des risques pour d autres AC est proposée afin d optimiser la prévention médicaleIntercontinental travels, but also overseas deployment of troops may submit adapted persons to a given thermal strain to an opposite thermal strain, exposing them to unassessed thermophysiological risks. This problem encompassed the poorly researched concept of thermal cross-adaptation. Using sweating tests (Tdb=45 C, RH=10 %, 90 min) and standard cold air tests (Tdb=1 C, 120 min) in humans, before and after heat acclimatization (28 d in French Guyana) or cold acclimatization (55 d in Artic), we characterized heat/cold and cold/heat cross-adaptations. The thermophysiological mechanisms involved in their development were described in 24 subjects submitted to different thermal loads. The resulting thermophysiological risks were evaluated. A methodology for studying, characterizing and assessing the medical risks for other cross-adaptations is proposed in order to optimize the medical preventionLYON1-BU.Sciences (692662101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Le genre Hystrichopsylla Taschenberg (1880) dans l'Ouest du bassin méditerranéen [Siphon. Hystrichopsyllidae], II. Etude comparative du phallosome en microscopie électronique à balayage

Launay Henri, Beaucournu Jean-Claude. Le genre Hystrichopsylla Taschenberg (1880) dans l'Ouest du bassin méditerranéen [Siphon. Hystrichopsyllidae], II. Etude comparative du phallosome en microscopie électronique à balayage. In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 87 (5-6), Mai-juin 1982. pp. 233-239

Étude de la mise en place des mécanismes adaptatifs au froid chez l'homme après exposition générale intermittente au froid en laboratoire

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocPARIS-Bib. Serv.Santé Armées (751055204) / SudocSudocFranceF