DNA Damage, n-3 Long-Chain PUFA Levels and Proteomic Profile in Brazilian Children and Adolescents

Fatty acids play a significant role in maintaining cellular and DNA protection and we previously found an inverse relationship between blood levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and DNA damage. The aim of this study was to explore differences in proteomic profiles, for 117 pro-inflammatory proteins, in two previously defined groups of individuals with different DNA damage and EPA and DHA levels. Healthy children and adolescents (n = 140) aged 9 to 13 years old in an urban area of Brazil were divided by k-means cluster test into two clusters of DNA damage (tail intensity) using the comet assay (cluster 1 = 5.9% ± 1.2 and cluster 2 = 13.8% ± 3.1) in our previous study. The cluster with higher DNA damage and lower levels of DHA (6.2 ± 1.6 mg/dL; 5.4 ± 1.3 mg/dL, p = 0.003) and EPA (0.6 ± 0.2 mg/dL; 0.5 ± 0.1 mg/dL, p < 0.001) presented increased expression of the proteins CDK8–CCNC, PIK3CA–PIK3R1, KYNU, and PRKCB, which are involved in pro-inflammatory pathways. Our findings support the hypothesis that low levels of n-3 long-chain PUFA may have a less protective role against DNA damage through expression of pro-inflammatory proteins, such as CDK8–CCNC, PIK3CA–PIK3R1, KYNU, and PRKCB

Levedura hidrolisada como fonte de nucleotídeos para leitões recém-desmamados Hydrolyzed yeast as source of nucleotides for weanling pigs

Com este trabalho objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de níveis de nucleotídeos em dietas para leitões recém-desmamados sobre o desempenho, a morfometria de órgãos e a histologia do epitélio intestinal. Foram utilizados 144 leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade e com peso médio inicial de 5,80 ± 0,16 kg em um experimento inteiramente ao acaso, com seis dietas, seis repetições por dieta e quatro animais por baia (unidade experimental). As dietas foram: Am (antimicrobiano) _ dieta basal com inclusão de 40 ppm de sulfato de colistina, assim como dieta basal contendo 0, 150, 300, 450 e 600 ppm de nucleotídeos. Ao final do experimento, foi abatido um animal de cada baia para coleta das amostras e avaliação da morfometria de órgãos e da histologia do epitélio intestinal. No período de 1 a 14 dias de experimentação, houve piora linear das características de desempenho e, no período total de 34 dias, redução linear do peso final dos animais com o aumento dos níveis de nucleotídeos na dieta. Os leitões alimentados com a dieta contendo colistina apresentaram maior comprimento do intestino delgado e menor relação altura de vilosidade:profundidade de cripta (AV:PC) no duodeno em comparação àqueles que receberam nucleotídeos. Foram observados, também, aumento linear no peso relativo do baço e na relação AV:PC e redução linear da profundidade de cripta no duodeno dos animais com a adição de nucleotídeos na dieta. Assim, embora não tenha promovido melhora no desempenho, a adição de até 600 ppm de nucleotídeos em dietas complexas melhora a morfometria de órgãos e a histologia do epitélio intestinal de leitões recém-desmamados.<br>The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of levels of nucleotides in diets for weanling pigs on performance, organs morphometry and histology of intestinal epithelium. One hundred and forty-four pigs weaned at 21 days of age and with 5.80 ± 0.16 kg initial live weight were used in a completely randomized experimental design with six diets, six replications per diet and four animals per pen (experimental unit). Diets were: Am _ antimicrobial: basal diet with 40 ppm of colistin sulfate and basal diet with 0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 ppm of nucleotides. At the end of the experimental period, one animal of each pen was slaughtered to evaluate morphometry of the organs and intestinal epithelium histology. From day 1 to day 14 of the experimental period, performance traits worsened linearly and for the total experimental period of 34 days, a linear reduction of final live weight was observed when levels of dietary nucleotides were increased. Pigs fed diet with colistin showed greater length of small intestine and lower villus height:crypt depth ratio (AV:PC) of duodenum when compard to those fed nucleotides. Also, a linear increase of relative weight of spleen, as well as a linear increase of AV:PC and linear reduction of crypt depth of duodenum were observed with the addition of nucleotides in the diet. Therefore, although the addition up to 600 ppm of nucleotides in complex diets did not improve performance, it improves morphometry of the organs and intestinal epithelium histology of weanling pigs