Vegetação natural e área antrópica em Mato Grosso do Sul até o ano de 2002.

O Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul está localizado na região Centro-oeste do país e sua economia é baseada na pecuária de corte. Ele abrange três importantes biomas brasileiros: Cerrado, Mata Atlântica e Pantanal e as bacias hidrográfcas dos rios Paraguai e Paraná. Portanto, o uso de informações sobre o uso da terra e remanescentes da vegetação é importante para embasar a formulação de políticas públicas pelos órgãos governamentais. Nesse sentido, este trabalho objetiva mostrar os principais tipos de uso da terra e de vegetação natural do Estado para o ano de 2002. Com o uso do SIG Spring e mapas existentes, foi elaborado o mapa da cobertura vegetal e uso da terra para Mato Grosso do Sul em 2002. Verifca-se que em mais da metade do Estado a vegetação natural já foi substituída por pastagem, agricultura ou reforestamento. Os biomas Cerrado e Mata Atlântica foram os que mais perderam suas áreas naturais, enquanto o Pantanal é o mais intacto, com aproximadamente 90% de sua área conservada. Em função disso a bacia do rio Paraguai é bem mais conservada que a bacia do Paraná, pois esta possui em torno de 67% de sua área desmatada. Diante desse quadro medidas urgentes para inibição do desmatamento no Estado devem ser implementadas, a fm de minimizar as perdas ambientais e buscar o desenvolvimento sustentável.Geopantanal 2010

Estimativa de área de soja por classificação de imagens normalizada pela matriz de erros.

Resumo - O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a área plantada com soja por meio da normalização da matriz de erros gerada a partir da classificação supervisionada de imagens TM/Landsat-5. Foram avaliados oito municípios no Estado do Paraná, com dados referentes à safra de 2003/2004. As classificações foram realizadas por meio dos métodos paralelepípedo e máxima verossimilhança, dando origem à "máscara de soja". Os valores do índice Kappa dos oito municípios ficaram acima de 0,6. As estimativas de área de soja, corrigidas por matriz de erros, apresentaram alta correlação com as estimativas oficiais do estado e com as estimativas geradas a partir de um método alternativo denominado ?expansão direta?. A estimativa de área de soja por meio da normalização da matriz de erros apresenta menor custo e pode subsidiar métodos convencionais na estimativa menos subjetiva de safras

Mitigation of nitrous oxide emissions in grazing systems through nitrifcation inhibitors: a meta‑analysis

Grasslands are the largest contributor of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in the agriculture sector due to livestock excreta and nitrogen fertilizers applied to the soil. Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) added to N input have reduced N2O emissions, but can show a range of efficiencies depending on climate, soil, and management conditions. A meta-analysis study was conducted to investigate the factors that influence the efficiency of NIs added to fertilizer and excreta in reducing N2O emissions, focused on grazing systems. Data from peer-reviewed studies comprising 2164 N2O emission factors (EFs) of N inputs with and without NIs addition were compared. The N2O EFs varied according to N source (0.0001–8.25%). Overall, NIs reduced the N2O EF from N addition by 56.6% (51.1–61.5%), with no difference between NI types (Dicyandiamide—DCD; 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate—DMPP; and Nitrapyrin) or N source (urine, dung, slurry, and fertilizer). The NIs were more efficient in situations of high N2O emissions compared with low; the reduction was 66.0% when EF>1.5% of N applied compared with 51.9% when EF≤0.5%. DCD was more efficient when applied at rates>10 kg ha−1. NIs were less efficient in urine with lower N content (≤7 g kg−1). NI efficiency was negatively correlated with soil bulk density, and positively correlated with soil moisture and temperature. Better understanding and management of NIs can optimize N2O mitigation in grazing systems, e.g., by mapping N2O risk and applying NI at variable rate, contributing to improved livestock sustainabilit

Utilização de imagens pancromáticas do satélite IKONOS-II na identificação de plantios de café.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o impacto do aumento da resolução espacial e radiométrica de imagens do IKONOS-II na identificação de plantios de café (Coffea arabica) em comparação com as imagens do LANDSAT/ETM+

Monitoramento de estiagem durante o verão de regiões tropicais utilizando imagens AVHRR/NOAA-14.

No presente trabalho, objetivou-se estudar a influência da precipitação na evolução dos índices de vegetação Ratio e NDVI, visando determinar o parâmetro mais adequado para ser utilizado no monitoramento de estiagem

Mitigation of nitrous oxide emissions in grazing systems through nitrification inhibitors: a meta-analysis

Grasslands are the largest contributor of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in the agriculture sector due to livestock excreta and nitrogen fertilizers applied to the soil. Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) added to N input have reduced N2O emissions, but can show a range of efficiencies depending on climate, soil, and management conditions. A meta-analysis study was conducted to investigate the factors that influence the efficiency of NIs added to fertilizer and excreta in reducing N2O emissions, focused on grazing systems. Data from peer-reviewed studies comprising 2164 N2O emission factors (EFs) of N inputs with and without NIs addition were compared. The N2O EFs varied according to N source (0.0001-8.25%). Overall, NIs reduced the N2O EF from N addition by 56.6% (51.1-61.5%), with no difference between NI types (Dicyandiamide-DCD; 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate-DMPP; and Nitrapyrin) or N source (urine, dung, slurry, and fertilizer). The NIs were more efficient in situations of high N2O emissions compared with low; the reduction was 66.0% when EF > 1.5% of N applied compared with 51.9% when EF 10 kg ha(-1). NIs were less efficient in urine with lower N content (<= 7 g kg(-1)). NI efficiency was negatively correlated with soil bulk density, and positively correlated with soil moisture and temperature. Better understanding and management of NIs can optimize N2O mitigation in grazing systems, e.g., by mapping N2O risk and applying NI at variable rate, contributing to improved livestock sustainability

Intense pasture management in Brazil in an integrated crop-livestock system simulated by the DayCent model.

Abstract. Process-based models (PBM) are important tools for understanding the benefits of Integrated Crop-Livestock Systems (ICLS), such as increasing land productivity and improving environmental conditions. PBM can provide insights into the contribution of agricultural production to climate change and help identify potential greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation and carbon sequestration options. Rehabilitation of degraded lands is a key strategy for achieving food security goals and can reduce the need for new agricultural land. This study focused on the calibration and validation of the DayCent PBM for a typical ICLS adopted in Brazil from 2018 to 2020. We also present the DayCent parametrization for two forage species (ruzigrass and millet) grown simultaneously, bringing some innovation in the modeling challenges. We used aboveground biomass to calibrate the model, randomly selecting data from 70% of the paddocks in the study area. The calibration obtained a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.69 and a relative RMSE of 37.0%. During the validation, we used other variables (CO2 flux, grain biomass, and soil water content) measured in the ICLS and performed a double validation for plant growth to evaluate the robustness of the model in terms of generalization. R2 validations ranged from 0.61 to 0.73, and relative RMSE from 11.3 to 48.3%. Despite the complexity and diversity of ICLS results show that DayCent can be used to model ICLS, which is an important step for future regional analyses and large-scale evaluations of the impacts of ICLS.Article 3517

Modelling integrated crop-livestock systems: preliminary results from an agroecosystem model.

ABSTRACT. Integrated Crop-Livestock Systems (ICLS) are being considered to improve food production sustainability and are of increasing interest to the modelling community worldwide. Our goal was to evaluate the ability of an agroecosystem model simulator (ECOSMOS) to predict plant growth and yield, and water dynamics in an ICLS in the Western region of São Paulo State, Brazil. Four fields of approximately 50 ha each were monitored after the implementation of the ICLS at the end of 2018. Soybean yields (two seasons), mixed-pasture aboveground dry biomass and soil water content (for the pasture only) measurements were contrasted with predictions from ECOSMOS with recently implemented soybean and pasture sub-models. Preliminary results from a generic simulation for the whole farm showed that the model was able to capture fairly well the seasonal variation in growth and water dynamics. Such results suggest that the existing knowledge and modelling approaches embedded in the model are robust. Future steps toward modelling the ICLS will involve to parameterise the model for Brazilian cultivars of the system using data from controlled/manipulative experiments, develop a framework to simulate two plants concomitantly, and then assess its capability to predict environmental variables of interest, such as carbon dynamics.WCCLF 2021. Evento online

Monitoramento de safras via Web: um caso de sucesso em pesquisa multidisciplinar.

Este trabalho descreve o projeto WebMaps em desenvolvimento na UNICAMP, um esforço multidisciplinar envolvendo ciências agrárias e de computação , cujo objetivo é desenvolver uma plataforma baseada em serviços Web para o planejamento agro-ambiental.SBIAgro 2007