5,416 research outputs found
Adiabatic relativistic models for the jets in the radio galaxy 3C 31
We present a general approach to the modelling of the brightness and
polarization structures of adiabatic, decelerating relativistic jets, based on
the formalism of Matthews & Scheuer (1990). We compare the predictions of
adiabatic jet models with deep, high-resolution observations of the radio jets
in the FR I radio galaxy 3C 31. Adiabatic models require coupling between the
variations of velocity, magnetic field and particle density. They are therefore
more tightly constrained than the models previously presented for 3C 31 by
Laing & Bridle (2002). We show that adiabatic models provide a poorer
description of the data in two crucial respects: they cannot reproduce the
observed magnetic-field structures in detail, and they also predict too steep a
brightness decline along the jets for plausible variations of the jet velocity.
We find that the innermost regions of the jets show the strongest evidence for
non-adiabatic behaviour, and that the adiabatic models provide progressively
better descriptions of the jet emission at larger distances from the galactic
nucleus. We briefly discuss physical processes which might contribute to this
non-adiabatic behaviour. In particular, we develop a parameterized description
of distributed particle injection, which we fit to the observed total
intensities. We show that particles are preferentially injected where bright
X-ray emission is observed, and where we infer that the jets are
over-pressured.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Relativistic jet models for two low-luminosity radio galaxies: evidence for backflow?
We show that asymmetries in total intensity and linear polarization between
the radio jets and counter-jets in two lobed Fanaroff-Riley Class I (FR I)
radio galaxies, B2 0206+35 (UGC 1651) and B2 0755+37 (NGC 2484), can be
accounted for if these jets are intrinsically symmetrical, with decelerating
relativistic outflows surrounded by mildly relativistic backflows. Our
interpretation is motivated by sensitive, well-resolved Very Large Array
imaging which shows that both jets in both sources have a two-component
structure transverse to their axes. Close to the jet axis, a centrally-darkened
counter-jet lies opposite a centrally-brightened jet, but both are surrounded
by broader collimated emission that is brighter on the counter-jet side. We
have adapted our previous models of FR I jets as relativistic outflows to
include an added component of symmetric backflow. We find that the observed
radio emission, after subtracting contributions from the extended lobes, is
well described by models in which decelerating outflows with parameters similar
to those derived for jets in plumed FR I sources are surrounded by backflows
containing predominantly toroidal magnetic fields. These return to within a few
kpc of the galaxies with velocities of roughly 0.25c and radiate with a
synchrotron spectral index close to 0.55. We discuss whether such backflow is
to be expected in lobed FR I sources and suggest ways in which our hypothesis
can be tested by further observations.Comment: 22 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Moving bumps in theta neuron networks
We consider large networks of theta neurons on a ring, synaptically coupled
with an asymmetric kernel. Such networks support stable "bumps" of activity,
which move along the ring if the coupling kernel is asymmetric. We investigate
the effects of the kernel asymmetry on the existence, stability and speed of
these moving bumps using continuum equations formally describing infinite
networks. Depending on the level of heterogeneity within the network we find
complex sequences of bifurcations as the amount of asymmetry is varied, in
strong contrast to the behaviour of a classical neural field model.Comment: To appear in Chao
Evaluation of the onset time and intubation conditions of rocuronium bromide in children
Publisher's copy made available with the permission of the publisher © 1997 Australian Society of AnaesthetistsWe have assessed, in children aged three to eight years, the intubating conditions after administration of rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg at 50 or 60 seconds, in groups of 15 patients. Intubating conditions were excellent in 11, good in 3 and fair in 1 patient at 50 seconds and excellent in 12 and good in 3 patients at 60 seconds. The mean onset time, for all patients, to when the first twitch of the train of four (T1), measured at the adductor pollicis, was depressed to less than 30% and 5% of control was 50 (SD 11.4) seconds and 94 (SD 31.7) seconds respectively. Depression of T1 to less than 30% of control, measured at the adductor pollicis in children, appears to indicate that intubating conditions will be clinically acceptable when using rocuronium.P.F. McDonald, D.A. Sainsbury, R.J. Lain
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