ANCIENT VIETNAMESE WORDS IN SOUTHERN FOLK SONG COLLECTIONS PUBLISHED IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY

The article examines and explains the meanings of archaic Vietnamese words in southern folk song collections published in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. We have identified and selected typical Vietnamese words that are now rarely used or used differently. To explain these words’ meanings in folk songs, we use dictionaries, such as Vietnamese Dictionary, Ancient Vietnamese Vocabulary Dictionary, Đại Nam quốc âm tự vị (Dictionnaire Annamit) – the first Vietnamese dictionary, and Southern Dialect Dictionary. This research outlines a unique and exciting feature of the southern language that was popular in folk songs and people’s lives in the South

The Impact of Acculturation among Hmong Caregivers

This research study explores the impact of acculturation among Hmong caregivers within the Twin Cities region, who the Hmong caregivers are today, and what caregiving in the Hmong community looks like today. A sample of four respondents were recruited in the Twin Cities region who are Hmong and are providing care for an older adult in the home. Two surveys were used to analyze the demographics and acculturation of the Hmong Caregivers. A qualitative survey explored how acculturation has impacted the respondents in terms of caregiving. The outcomes of the study indicated that majority of the caregivers were women who married into their husband’s family. It also indicated that economically, most were doing well, however could still use financial support and additional resources. More than half the respondents have acculturated successfully in the mainstream culture. However, even with this finding, it is important to note that within these respondents and their families, the preferred method of caregiving is to keep the care recipient in the home. A continuum of conflict and utilization of supports of resources varied among the respondents in terms of acculturation. Recommendations for future research include targeting families, couples, and older adults, and other communities to focus on concerns and the needs of the caregivers. Further research should be conducted on how to find and effectively reach out to support and meet their needs; and how to work cross-culturally with Hmong caregivers. Implications for social work practice efforts should include having an understanding of caregiving within the Hmong culture, providing support for Hmong caregiver living in dual cultures, and continuing to reach out to this population so that Hmong caregivers are aware of the benefits that come from receiving additional supports and resources

The Impact of Acculturation among Hmong Caregivers

This research study explores the impact of acculturation among Hmong caregivers within the Twin Cities region, who the Hmong caregivers are today, and what caregiving in the Hmong community looks like today. A sample of four respondents were recruited in the Twin Cities region who are Hmong and are providing care for an older adult in the home. Two surveys were used to analyze the demographics and acculturation of the Hmong Caregivers. A qualitative survey explored how acculturation has impacted the respondents in terms of caregiving. The outcomes of the study indicated that majority of the caregivers were women who married into their husband’s family. It also indicated that economically, most were doing well, however could still use financial support and additional resources. More than half the respondents have acculturated successfully in the mainstream culture. However, even with this finding, it is important to note that within these respondents and their families, the preferred method of caregiving is to keep the care recipient in the home. A continuum of conflict and utilization of supports of resources varied among the respondents in terms of acculturation. Recommendations for future research include targeting families, couples, and older adults, and other communities to focus on concerns and the needs of the caregivers. Further research should be conducted on how to find and effectively reach out to support and meet their needs; and how to work cross-culturally with Hmong caregivers. Implications for social work practice efforts should include having an understanding of caregiving within the Hmong culture, providing support for Hmong caregiver living in dual cultures, and continuing to reach out to this population so that Hmong caregivers are aware of the benefits that come from receiving additional supports and resources

SYNTHESIS OF SULFUR-CONTAINED MICROCAPSULES AND POTENTIAL APPLICATION IN RUBBER

Microcapsule-based material is potentially utilized in a variety of fields such as pharmaceuticals, food, biology, self-healing materials, etc. More remarkedly, in the rubber-related fields, this outstanding material is able to have a crucial role to play as an alternative of sulfur in compounding and vulcanizing process with regard to the self-healing ability after cracking. In this research, the interface polymerization was applied to generate microcapsules, whose shell was synthesized from Urea-formaldehyde pre-polymer modified by 0.25 wt% melamine containing sulfur (S) as a core substance. When the synthesizing process was carried out at 80 C and stirring rate of 300 rpm in 2 hours, the microcapsule product was spherical with the average size of 115 m and contained 60% of core content that was examined by FTIR, DLS, SEM, TGA and experimented the potential application. As a result, the amount of 8 phr of produced microcapsules utilized in NBR rubber compounds necessitated a longer time to vulcanize rubber at 160 C  compared to using 5 phr free S. Besides, the mechanical strength of the microcapsules-contained product was insignificantly changed but bloom-like phenomenon on the rubber surface was markedly improved. It is noticeable that the vulcanized NBR rubber with the presence of these microcapsules are well able to heal its crack or cut when heated up to 150 C in 10 minutes while the free S-vulcanized NBR rubber is definitely unable to be self-healing in the same conditions

Federated Learning with Server Learning: Enhancing Performance for Non-IID Data

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a means of distributed learning using local data stored at clients with a coordinating server. Recent studies showed that FL can suffer from poor performance and slower convergence when training data at clients are not independent and identically distributed. Here we consider a new complementary approach to mitigating this performance degradation by allowing the server to perform auxiliary learning from a small dataset. Our analysis and experiments show that this new approach can achieve significant improvements in both model accuracy and convergence time even when the server dataset is small and its distribution differs from that of the aggregated data from all clients.Comment: 22 pages, 11 figures, 3 table

Barriers Affecting the Acceptance of Tourism Apps Among Tourists

The development of technology applications has brought many benefits to users. However, users face certain risks when adopting new technology applications. This leads to barriers affecting the acceptance of new technology applications. The study was carried out to identify the barriers affecting the acceptance of tourism apps by tourists. Research data were collected by the method of quota sampling, with a sample size of 222 tourists who have visited and experienced tourism services at famous destinations in Vietnam. Qualitative research methods and quantitative research methods are both applied to test the research hypotheses. The structural equation modeling (SEM) has demonstrated that insecurity and discomfort positively affect tourists’ perceived risk of tourism apps. Also, insecurity, discomfort, and perceived risk negatively affect tourists’ acceptance of travel apps

TRUYỆN KIỀU VÀ HÁT ĐỐI ĐÁP TRONG DÂN CA VIỆT NAM

From collected folk songs, we learn that “The Tale of Kieu” plays many important roles in “challenge and response” singing and love match songs. First, the plot is used as the main material in the songs. Second, the characters in “The Tale of Kieu” are often chosen by men and women in singing to briefly express their circumstances, personalities, moods, emotions, etc., in a way that is easy for all listeners to immediately understand. In this case, the characters of “The Tale of Kieu” are used as classical references in the songs. And third, which is also the most interesting aspect of the purpose of using “The Tale of Kieu” in response singing, the details, content, and characters in “The Tale of Kieu” are used for the two sides to test each other to see if the other person remembers, has memorized “The Tale of Kieu” or not, or knows how to use “The Tale of Kieu” in a flexible way.nhiều vai trò quan trọng trong các cuộc hát đối đáp giao duyên. Thứ nhất nội dung cốt truyện được sử dụng như là một chất liệu chính trong các cuộc hát. Thứ hai, hệ thống nhân vật trong “Truyện Kiều” thường được nam nữ trong các cuộc hát chọn để đóng vai, nhằm bày tỏ hoàn cảnh, tính cách, tâm trạng, tình cảm… của mình một cách ngắn gọn, không cần chi tiết mà đều khiến cho đối phương và toàn bộ người nghe hiểu ngay, ở đây các nhân vật “Truyện Kiều” được sử dụng như là những điển tích, điển cố trong cuộc hát. Và thứ ba, cũng là khía cạnh thú vị nhất của mục đích sử dụng “Truyện Kiều” trong hát đối đáp: các tình tiết, nội dung, nhân vật trong “Truyện Kiều” được dùng để hai bên thử tài nhau qua việc đặt câu hỏi xem đối phương có nhớ, có thuộc lòng “Truyện Kiều” hay không, có biết sử dụng Kiều một cách uyển chuyển trong việc ứng đối hay không