Nitrogen from hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) as winter green manure for white cabbage in organic horticulture

The effect of the nitrogen (N) supply from hairy vetch grown as winter green manure on white cabbage was investigated in field trials performed on an organic farm in north-west Germany over two years. Hairy vetch was either used as green manure or harvested. One of two bare-soil fallow treatments was supplied with hairy vetch shoot mass to serve as reference. In 2002 and 2003, hairy vetch and weeds accumulated 136 and 178 kg ha-1 of shoot N and yielded 3.79 and 4.72 t ha-1, respectively. After ploughing and planting white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata var. capitata f. alba) for sauerkraut production at the beginning of June, the amount of soil mineral N (SMN) of the topsoil layer was biweekly investigated until canopy for about 6 - 8 weeks. In 2002, already within 2 weeks a maximum of 121 kg SMN ha-1 for the green manure hairy vetch treatment was reached, whereas in 2003 a maximum of only 60 kg SMN ha-1 was observed due to an exceptionally dry and warm season. In 2002, white cabbage shoot yielded an average 4.4 t DM ha-1 (range 3.9 - 5.1 t ha-1 DM) and had accumulated on average 153 kg N ha-1 (range 129 - 178 kg N ha-1). Mean fresh matter yield (FM) of a single head was only 1.2 kg (range 1.1 - 1.3 kg head-1) due to severe pest damage. In the following year, the mean head yield was 5.1 kg FM (range 3.4 - 6.4 kg) and head yield per hectare was 5.8 t DM (range 4.6 - 7.5 t DM ha-1) with a mean head N uptake of 182 kg ha-1 (range 136 - 237 kg N ha-1). The relationship between the weighted arithmetic daily mean of SMN for the first 6 - 8 weeks after the hairy vetch harvest date and the N uptake of cabbage at two sampling dates was significant, as were most correlations between presented core parameters. Although N of hairy vetch used as green manure calculatively recovered on average only about 27% in cabbage shoot N at final harvest, a balanced field N budget can be ensured by using the green manure legume hairy vetch as a basic N source for a subsequent white cabbage cash crop

Stickstoffversorgung der Zweitfrüchte Feldgemüse und Mais nach Winterzwischenfrucht-Leguminosen

Untersucht wurde die Stickstoffzufuhr mit dem Anbau von Leguminosen als Winterzwischenfrüchte (Zottelwicken, Inkarnatklee, Landsberger Gemenge, Wickroggen). Referenzvarianten waren Rübsen, Roggen und Gras in Reinsaat sowie Brache. In Feldversuchen an drei organisch bewirtschafteten Standorten im Rheinland wurden in den Jahren 2002 und 2003 die Zwischenfrüchte und Nachfruchtwirkung geprüft. Bestimmt wurden Ertrag (21 - 62 dt TM/ha), Stickstoffaufnahme (65 - 200 kg N/ha) und Netto-N-Fixierung (im Mittel 100 kg N/ha). Die Zwischenfrüchte wurden im Mai/Juni gemulcht oder beerntet. In den ersten Wochen nach Umbruch der Zwischenfrucht und Saat der Nachfrucht wurde der Verlauf der N-Mineralisierung im Boden gemessen (max. 50 - 180 kg Nmin-N/ha im Ap). Der Ertrag und die N-Aufnahme der Nachfrüchte Weißkohl und Mais betrug 877 - 1.274 dt FM/ha und 125 - 230 kg N/ha bzw. 138 - 196 dt TM/ha und 150 - 280 kg N/ha. Nach dem Verbleib des gemulchten Zwischenfruchtaufwuchses war im Vergleich zu den beernteten Varianten die N-Aufnahme der Nachfrüchte überwiegend signifikant höher. Bei Beerntung der Zwischenfrucht muß ein Großteil des für die Nachfrucht benötigten Stickstoffs aus dem Bodenvorrat gespeist werden, während mit dem Verbleib der Zwischenfrucht gemulcht auf der Fläche eine weitgehend ausgeglichene Stickstoff-Feldbilanz und damit Humusbilanz gestaltet werden kann. Gleichwohl war die mit dem Zwischenfruchtmulch zugeführte N-Menge nicht gleichermaßen als Differenz zwischen den gemulchten und beernteten Varianten der Nachfrucht wiederzufinden. Die N-Nachlieferung aus dem Boden überdeckte teilweise die Wirkung des gemulchten Zwischenfruchtaufwuchses. Mit Winterzwischenfrucht-Leguminosen kann ein mengenmäßig bedeutsamer Beitrag für die innerbetrieblich erzeugte N-Zufuhr geleistet werden. Auf Basis der vorgestellten Feldversuchsergebnisse wird eine Liste an Handlungsempfehlungen vorgestellt

The dusty environment of Quasars. Far-IR properties of Optical Quasars

We present the ISO far-IR photometry of a complete sub-sample of optically selected bright quasars belonging to two complete surveys selected through multicolour (U,B,V,R,I) techniques. The ISOPHOT camera on board of the ISO Satellite was used to target these quasars at wavelengths of 7.3, 11.5, 60, 100 and 160 micron. Almost two thirds of the objects were detected at least in one ISOPHOT band. The detection rate is independent of the source redshift, very likely due to the negative K-correction of the far-IR thermal emission. More than a half of the optically selected QSOs show significant emission between 4 and 100 micron in the quasar rest-frame. These fluxes have a very likely thermal origin, although in a few objects an additional contribution from a non-thermal component is plausible in the long wavelength bands. In a colour-colour diagram these objects span a wide range of properties from AGN-dominated to ULIRG-like. The far-IR composite spectrum of the quasar population presents a broad far-IR bump between 10 and 30 micron and a sharp drop at wavelengths greater than 100 micron in the quasar restframe. The amount of energy emitted in the far-IR, is on average a few times larger than that emitted in the blue and the ratio L(FIR)/L(B) increases with the bolometric luminosity. Objects with fainter blue magnitudes have larger ratios between the far-IR (wavelengths > 60 micron) fluxes and the blue band flux, which is attributed to extinction by dust around the central source. No relation between the blue absolute magnitude and the dust colour temperature is seen, suggesting that the dominant source of FIR energy could be linked to a concurrent starburst rather than to gravitational energy produced by the central engine.Comment: Astronomical Journal, in pres

Optimizing Strategies for Care Coordination and Transition Management: Recommendations for Nursing Education

The purpose of this descriptive qualitative study was to explore nurse and healthcare leaders\u27 experiences and perceptions of care coordination and transition management (CCTM®). Four barriers emerged that added insight into the lack of adopting and integrating CCTM knowledge, skills, and attitudes in nursing education in the following categories: curriculum redesign, silos of care settings and care providers, knowledge gap, and faculty development/resistance. Recommendations and implications for education, for both nursing students and practicing nurses, are described

Developing a Business Case for the Care Coordination and Transition Management Model: Need, Metrics, and Measures

In this descriptive qualitative study, nurse and healthcare leaders\u27 experiences, perceptions of care coordination and transition management (CCTM®), and insights as to how to foster adoption of the CCTM RN role in nursing education, practice across the continuum, and policy were explored. Twenty-five barriers to recognition and adoption of CCTM RN practice across the continuum were identified and categorized. Implications of these findings, recommendations for adoption of CCTM RN practice across the care continuum, and strategies for reimbursement policies are discussed

Developing a Business Case for the Care Coordination and Transition Management Model: Needs, Methods, and Measures

In this descriptive qualitative study, nurse and healthcare leaders\u27 experiences, perceptions of care coordination and transition management (CCTM®), and insights as to how to foster adoption of the CCTM RN role in nursing education, practice across the continuum, and policy were explored. Twenty-five barriers to recognition and adoption of CCTM RN practice across the continuum were identified and categorized. Implications of these findings, recommendations for adoption of CCTM RN practice across the care continuum, and strategies for reimbursement policies are discussed

Prehistoric occupation of the lower pontine plain (Lazio, Central Italy):the evidence from recent field surveys

This contribution presents a study of 150 lithic artefacts from the lower Pontine Plain (Lazio, Central Italy), collected during field surveys carried out in the area between 2006 and 2014 by the Groningen Institute of Archaeology (GIA). Although these artefacts have no stratigraphic context, analyses of the composition of the survey assemblage and the distribution of the artefacts and previously recorded prehistoric materials allow us to make general observations on human occupation of the area between the Middle Palaeolithic and the Neolithic/Eneolithic. Thus this paper contributes to our understanding of how the wetland of the lower plain was exploited by hunter-gatherer groups and early farming communities