Legitimation of residential education 1986-1987

Investigation into legitimation of pedagogic aims of residential educational institutes. Using the Delphi-method, a panel of experts, consisting of one staff-member per institute, representatives of referring institutes and external experts, were questioned about the aims of residential educational institutes and future policy regarding function and aims of this kind of educational service. Phase 0 consisted of making an inventory of the characteristic properties of the 14 institutes, the aims of residential youth aid and the policy issues at hand, to result in a common frame of reference for subsequent discussion and a final form for the questionnaire used in phase 1. Phase 1: Each specific expert-category responded to its questionnaire, evaluating and commenting specific aims in the framework of the five common characteristic aspects of the institutes: -national orientation, -closed character, -integrated help, -own educational facilities, -own recreational facilities. Phase 2: G: results of phase 1 were fed into the phase 2 questionnaire to refine discussion. Phase 3: G: results of previous phases resulted in several models for future policy to be evaluated by the expert panel

The genetic architecture of human cortical folding

The folding of the human cerebral cortex is a highly genetically regulated process that allows for a much larger surface area to fit into the cranial vault and optimizes functional organization. Sulcal depth is a robust yet understudied measure of localized folding, previously associated with multiple neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we report the first genome-wide association study of sulcal depth. Through the multivariate omnibus statistical test (MOSTest) applied to vertex-wise measures from 33,748 U.K. Biobank participants (mean age, 64.3 years; 52.0% female), we identified 856 genome-wide significant loci (P < 5 x 10(-8)). Comparisons with cortical thickness and surface area indicated that sulcal depth has higher locus yield, heritability, and effective sample size. There was a large amount of genetic overlap between these traits, with gene-based analyses indicating strong associations with neurodevelopmental processes. Our findings demonstrate sulcal depth is a promising neuroimaging phenotype that may enhance our understanding of cortical morphology