Exploring intergroup conflict and community-based participatory research partnerships over time

Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is a growing practice by which academics and community partners conduct collaborative health-based research. While CBPR fosters productive partnerships, there is increasing research on interpersonal group dynamics and the ways that intersecting factors, such as gender and ethnicity, affect the social interactions within CBPR. This paper explores the tensions inherent in large interdisciplinary community-based participatory research partnerships, through the examination of a long-standing community–academic partnership focused on advancing public health. Nine qualitative interviews were conducted between November 2019 and January 2020 with steering committee members from a long-standing collaborative partnership that conducts research to inform public health action. While the collaborative process was generally positive, we also uncovered less pleasant aspects of CBPR projects that are infrequently discussed in the literature, such as role confusion and power dynamics. Leadership style was seen as the driving force shaping how other team concerns were perceived. Not having structures in place to facilitate relationship development, or clear documentation of procedures, rules and norms, led to team complications. Team members suggested that a renewed focus on organisational structure would contribute to role clarity and organisation. The results highlight the complexity of working on interdisciplinary mixed community–academic teams, specifically the ways in which interdisciplinary, collaborative research can be a complicated, meandering process, often without clear-cut answers to sometimes simple questions

The impact of curriculum hierarchies on the development of professional self in teaching: student-teachers of drama negotiating issues of subject status at the interface between drama and English

At the level of policy the relative ‘value’ of subjects is determined by their official curriculum designation, creating a hierarchy of learning within which particular subjects are categorised as optional to the educational experience of young people. This situation is well-illustrated by the marginalised position of drama in the National Curriculum for England and Wales in which drama appears as an adjunct to the ‘core’ subject English. Yet at school level drama has survived as a discrete and reasonably embedded subject. Drawing on questionnaire and interview data, I investigate the effects of this mismatch on the emergence of pedagogical content knowledge, linked to notions of professional self, in drama student-teachers at one university in the UK. Findings indicate that the student-teachers, whilst not entirely eschewing a less-regulated relationship between the two subjects, view the curriculum for English and its accompanying assessment regime as an inadequate host for drama. In addition, they regard teacher autonomy over curriculum content and pedagogy as indicative of a high degree of professional expertise. This suggests that a case can be made for re-evaluating the nature of the relationship between drama and English and its representation in policy-constructed curricula

Charities and voluntary organisations The honorary treasurer

SIGLELD:81/16936(Charities). / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Hotel accounts and their audit

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:90/12901(Hotel) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply Centre2. edGBUnited Kingdo

Characterization of IS1110, a highly mobile genetic element from Mycobacterium avium

[EN] A highly mobile insertion sequence designated IS1110 was detected in Mycobacterium avium strain LR541 following an observed increase in size of the plasmid pLR20. Genomic libraries of M. avium strains carrying either parental pLR20 or the modified plasmid (pLR20') were constructed and the sequence of the relevant clones was determined to characterize the insertion sequence and the target region. IS1110 Is a 1457bp element lacking terminal inverted repeats, and is related to IS900 (from Mycobacterium paratuberculosis), IS901 and IS902 (from M. avium) and to IS116 (from Streptomyces clavuligerus). LR541 carries several copies of IS1110. Individual colonies from the same plate show differences in Southern blot patterns when tested with an IS1110-derived probe; the ability to detect transposition events in random colonies, without any selection pressure, indicates an exceptionally high degree of mobility, which will be invaluable for transposon mutagenesis. Analyses of M. avium isolates from human, veterinary, and environmental sources showed that IS1110-hybridizing sequences are present in some M. avium isolates but they were not detected in strains of other mycobacterial species. The polymorphism exhibited in M. avium isolates suggests that this element may be useful for molecular epidemiological studies f M. avium infections.We are grateful for support from the Medical Research Council (Grant No. SPG 8825658), the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (Grant No. PG90 52552468), and the Commission of the European Communities. Our thanks are due to Jack Crawford for provision of strain LR541, and to JohnJoe McFadden and Tim Doran for helpful discussions. This work benefitted from the use of the SERC SEQNET facility at Daresbury.Hernández Pérez, M.; Fomukong, N.; Hellyer, T.; Brown, I.; Dale, J. (1994). Characterization of IS1110, a highly mobile genetic element from Mycobacterium avium. Molecular Microbiology. 12(5):717-724. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01059.xS717724125Dellagostin, O. A., Wall, S., Norman, E., O’Shaughnessy, T., Dale, J. W., & McFadden, J. (1993). Construction and use of integrative vectors to express foreign genes in mycobacteria. Molecular Microbiology, 10(5), 983-993. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb00970.xEngland, P. M., Wall, S., & McFadden, J. (1991). IS900-promoted stable integration of a foreign gene into mycobacteria. Molecular Microbiology, 5(8), 2047-2052. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb00827.xFomukong, N. G., Dale, J. W., Osborn, T. W., & Grange, J. M. (1992). Use of gene probes based on the insertion sequence IS986 to differentiate between BCG vaccine strains. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 72(2), 126-133. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1992.tb01813.xFulks, K. A., Marrs, C. F., Stevens, S. P., & Green, M. R. (1990). Sequence analysis of the inversion region containing the pilin genes of Moraxella bovis. Journal of Bacteriology, 172(1), 310-316. doi:10.1128/jb.172.1.310-316.1990Green, E. P., Tizard, M. L. V., Moss, M. T., Thompson, J., Winterbourne, D. J., McFadden, J. J., & Hermon-Taylor, J. (1989). Sequence and characteristics or IS900, an insertion element identified in a human Crohn’s disease isolate orMycobacterium paratuberculosis. Nucleic Acids Research, 17(22), 9063-9073. doi:10.1093/nar/17.22.9063Hampson, S. J., Thompson, J., Moss, M. T., Portaels, F., Green, E. P., Hermon-Taylor, J., & Mcfadden, J. J. (1989). DNA PROBES DEMONSTRATE A SINGLE HIGHLY CONSERVED STRAIN OF MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM INFECTING AIDS PATIENTS. The Lancet, 333(8629), 65-68. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)91427-xHellyer, T. J., Brown, I. N., Dale, J. W., & Easmon, C. S. F. (1991). Plasmid analysis of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) isolated in the United Kingdom from patients with and without AIDS. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 34(4), 225-231. doi:10.1099/00222615-34-4-225Hermans, P. W., van Soolingen, D., Dale, J. W., Schuitema, A. R., McAdam, R. A., Catty, D., & van Embden, J. D. (1990). Insertion element IS986 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a useful tool for diagnosis and epidemiology of tuberculosis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 28(9), 2051-2058. doi:10.1128/jcm.28.9.2051-2058.1990Higgins, D. G., & Sharp, P. M. (1988). CLUSTAL: a package for performing multiple sequence alignment on a microcomputer. Gene, 73(1), 237-244. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(88)90330-7Horsburgh, C. R. (1992). Epidemiology of mycobacterial diseases in AIDS. Research in Microbiology, 143(4), 372-377. doi:10.1016/0923-2508(92)90048-sJohnson, M. S., McClure, M. A., Feng, D. F., Gray, J., & Doolittle, R. F. (1986). Computer analysis of retroviral pol genes: assignment of enzymatic functions to specific sequences and homologies with nonviral enzymes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 83(20), 7648-7652. doi:10.1073/pnas.83.20.7648Kunze, Z. M., Wall, S., Appelberg, R., Silva, M. T., Portaels, F., & McFadden, J. J. (1991). IS901, a new member of a widespread class of atypical insertion sequences, is associated with pathogenicity inMycobacterium avium. Molecular Microbiology, 5(9), 2265-2272. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb02157.xKunze, Z. M., Portaels, F., & McFadden, J. J. (1992). Biologically distinct subtypes of Mycobacterium avium differ in possession of insertion sequence IS901. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 30(9), 2366-2372. doi:10.1128/jcm.30.9.2366-2372.1992Leskiw, B. K., Mevarech, M., Barritt, L. S., Jensen, S. E., Henderson, D. J., Hopwood, D. A., … Chater, K. F. (1990). Discovery of an insertion sequence, IS116, from Streptomyces clavuligerus and its relatedness to other transposable elements from actinomycetes. Journal of General Microbiology, 136(7), 1251-1258. doi:10.1099/00221287-136-7-1251McFadden, J. J., Butcher, P. D., Chiodini, R., & Hermon-Taylor, J. (1987). Crohn’s disease-isolated mycobacteria are identical to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, as determined by DNA probes that distinguish between mycobacterial species. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 25(5), 796-801. doi:10.1128/jcm.25.5.796-801.1987McFadden, J. J., Butcher, P. D., Thompson, J., Chiodini, R., & Hermon-Taylor, J. (1987). The use of DNA probes identifying restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms to examine the Mycobacterium avium complex. Molecular Microbiology, 1(1), 283-291. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1987.tb01934.xMcFadden, J. J., Kunze, Z. M., Portaels, F., Labrousse, V., & Rastogi, N. (1992). Epidemiological and genetic markers, virulence factors and intracellular growth of Mycobacterium avium in AIDS. Research in Microbiology, 143(4), 423-430. doi:10.1016/0923-2508(92)90057-uMarrs, C. F., Rozsa, F. W., Hackel, M., Stevens, S. P., & Glasgow, A. C. (1990). Identification, cloning, and sequencing of piv, a new gene involved in inverting the pilin genes of Moraxella lacunata. Journal of Bacteriology, 172(8), 4370-4377. doi:10.1128/jb.172.8.4370-4377.1990Meissner, P. S., & Falkinham, J. O. (1986). Plasmid DNA Profiles as Epidemiological Markers for Clinical and Environmental Isolates of Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 153(2), 325-331. doi:10.1093/infdis/153.2.325Moss, M. T., Malik, Z. P., Tizard, M. L. V., Green, E. P., Sanderson, J. D., & Hermon-Taylor, J. (1992). IS902, an insertion element of the chronic-enteritis-causing Mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum. Journal of General Microbiology, 138(1), 139-145. doi:10.1099/00221287-138-1-139Murray, A., Winter, N., Lagranderie, M., Hill, D. F., Rauzier, J., Timm, J., … Gicquel, B. (1992). Expression of Escherichia coli ?-galactosidase in Mycobacterium bovis BCG using an expression system isolated from Mycobacterium paratuberculosis which induced humoral and cellular immune responses. Molecular Microbiology, 6(22), 3331-3342. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb02201.xTIZARD, M. L. V., MOSS, M. T., SANDERSON, J. D., AUSTEN, B. M., & HERMON-TAYLOR, J. (1992). p43, the protein product of the atypical insertion sequence IS900, is expressed in Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Journal of General Microbiology, 138(8), 1729-1736. doi:10.1099/00221287-138-8-1729Young, L. S., Inderlied, C. B., Berlin, O. G., & Gottlieb, M. S. (1986). Mycobacterial Infections in. AIDS Patients, with an Emphasis on the Mycobacterium avium Complex. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 8(6), 1024-1033. doi:10.1093/clinids/8.6.102