A teenager with a severe form of COVID-19 [Тяжелая форма COVID-19 у подростка]

In most cases children have a light form of new coronavirus infection COVID-19 as compared to adult patients; however, some children may develop severe forms of the disease. Children account for 1–11% of the confirmed patients, less than 1% of the patients have severe and extremely severe forms. The article describes a clinical case of a teenager with a severe course of COVID-19, characterized by the mismatch of physical data and a large degree of lung tissue damage, the development of hemorrhagic syndrome, low effectiveness of antibacterial and antiviral therapy, requiring Tocilizumab. © 2020 National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation. All rights reserved

TACTICS AND STRATEGY OF ETIOTROPIC TREATMENT OF ARVI AND INFLUENZA IN CHILDREN

Administration of etiotropic medications, blocking a penetration of virus into the cell and/or suppress its replication, is advisable additionally to the vaccination as main strategy against acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) and influenza in children. As etiological diagnostics of ARVI and influenza demands time and sometimes it can’t be provided, the antiviral treatment may be started if there are indications for its administration without identification of pathogen, following medical history and clinical picture of the disease. One of the main prevalent medications with etiotropic activity is rimantadine. New polymeric medication for children based on rimantadine is Orvirem. It is complex of rimantadine, fixed to sodium alginate, amplifying antitoxic activity of a medication and providing its improved tolerance. Such pharmacological formula provides gradual entrance of rimantadine into the blood, its prolonged circulation in organism, constant concentration in blood and decreasing of toxic effect of the drug. Due to these properties, the medication can be used for the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza and ARVI in children older than 1 year old. The medication combines as direct antiviral activity, as immunomodulating effect, resulting in restoration of cell immunity. Clinical studies showed drug’s effectiveness and safety in patients with influenza type A and B, with adenoviral, respiratory-syncytial viral and mycoplasmal infections. Prophylactic effect of the medication in inevitable contact with patients with ARVI, including children’s group was also proved.Key words: children, viral infections, rimantadine, treatment.(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2009;8(6):126-130

UP TO DATE APPROACHES TO IMPROVING IMMUNOBIOLOGICAL THERAPY OF VIRAL DIARRHEA OF CHILDREN

The article considers issues of therapeutic tactics for virus infections of children. The authors explain the essence of changes, which take place in the immune system of body under this pathology. The article describes immuno pathogenesis of acute enteric infections and the effect of lactoprobiotics on immuno-competent cells. The findings prove the advisability of applying this group of medications for a complex therapy of children with acute diarrhea disturbance.Key words: acute enteric infections, immuno-pathogenesis, treatment, lacto probiotics, children

UP TO DATE APPROACHES TO IMPROVING IMMUNOBIOLOGICAL THERAPY OF VIRAL DIARRHEA OF CHILDREN

The article considers issues of therapeutic tactics for virus infections of children. The authors explain the essence of changes, which take place in the immune system of body under this pathology. The article describes immuno pathogenesis of acute enteric infections and the effect of lactoprobiotics on immuno-competent cells. The findings prove the advisability of applying this group of medications for a complex therapy of children with acute diarrhea disturbance.Key words: acute enteric infections, immuno-pathogenesis, treatment, lacto probiotics, children

MODERN PREBIOTICS IN CORRECTION OF INTESTINAL MICROBIOCENOSIS IN CHILDREN

This article presents a data of role of normal micro flora of gastrointestinal tract in forming of alimentary functions and immune system of newborn. Processes of formation of intestinal micro biocenose, and pre and postnatal factors of development of dysbacteriosis in children of early age were analyzed. Authors give modern classification of probiotics. Results of trials show effectiveness and safety of combination of probiotiс cultures Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12 and Streptococcus thermophilus, forming new complex «Bifiform Baby» for children of early age.Key words: children of early age, normal micro flora, gastrointestinal tract, probiotics.(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2009;8(2):109-113

OPPORTUNITIES TO USE THE LACTOCONTAINING PROBIOTICS IN CHILDREN PRACTICES

The article characterizes the modern approach to the lacto containing probiotics application in the clinical practices. The authors clarify the mechanisms of the functional activity of the lacto bacteria, l. reuteri inclusive. It is recommended to use the lacto containing probiotics in the complex therapy for acute enteric infections, gastroenterological and allergic diseases, functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, secondary immunodeficiency states.Key words: probiotics, lacto bacteria, children, infectious and noninfectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, nutrition, immunity

MODERN TRENDS IN PERFECTION OF DIETOTHERAPY IN CHILDREN WITH VIRAL DIARRHEA

Authors studied peculiarities of specific composition of bifidus bacteria in infants (n = 32) with viral diarrhea and effectiveness of prebiotic product Immunofortis (formula ?Nutrilon Comfort?) in treatment of prebiotic disorders. Analysis of copro filtrate in acute period of viral diarrhea showed decrease of bifidus bacteria concentration and change of specific composition of intestinal micro flora. Bifidum bacteria B. catenulatum and B. adolescentis were detected in intestinal micro flora though it is not common in children. Dietotherapy with prebiotic formula resulted in restoration of age-specific parameters of specific composition of bacteria (B. bifidum, B. longum) and increase of secretory IgA concentration in coprofiltrate. Authors made a conclusion that Immunofortis has immunobiological effect in children with acute diarrhea.Key words: children, viral diarrhea, bifidus bacteria, nutrition, Immunofortis.(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. – 2010;9(3):107-112

Infectious mononucleosis in children: Clinical and laboratory characteristics depending on the disease etiology and phase of infection

Objective. To assess the association between clinical and laboratory characteristics of infectious mononucleosis (IM) and disease etiology and phase of infection. Patients and methods. This prospective observational study was conducted at Z.A.Bashlyaeva Children's City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department and included 107 children with IM. Laboratory testing was performed at the Department of Virological Diagnostics, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Results. IM is a polyetiologic disease. So far, researcher have failed to find a significant correlation between clinical manifestations of IM and its etiology and phase of infection. Patients with IM caused by primary monoinfection with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) are at high risk of developing chronic EBV infection. Neutrophilia is a typical laboratory sign of IM during the acute phase of it. Conclusion. The improvement of IM diagnosis with a detailed evaluation of clinical and laboratory criteria, as well as risk assessment of unfavorable outcome are currently impossible without the identification of both disease etiology and phase of infection. © 2020, Dynasty Publishing House. All rights reserved

Clinical manifestations of infectious mononucleosis in primary or reactivated herpes virus infection [Клинические проявления инфекционного мононуклеоза при первичной или реактивированной герпесвирусной инфекции]

Based on the analysis of foreign and domestic literature, the article presents the features of infectious mononucleosis caused by the main pathogens from the Herpesviridae family, course of the disease at various phases of the infectious process. The article identifies clinical and laboratory manifestations characteristic of each pathogen. The authors discuss the issues related to the lack of the unified terminology for describing chronic herpes virus infection. The article discusses the causes of persistent herpes virus infections, risk factors for the adverse course and outcome of herpes virus infections. © 2020 National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation. All rights reserved

CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFICACY OF THE LOCAL IF THERAPY DURING THE ACUTE RESPIRATORY VIRAL INFECTIONS AMONG CHILDREN

The article highlights the findings of the clinical research of the Viferon ointment therapeutic efficacy, containing human recombinant C2 interferon, among children, suffering from the acute respiratory viral infections. Based on the analysis of the clinical and immunological examination findings, which included the evaluation for the stoppage of the main disease symptoms, local immunity parameters dynamics (lysozyme, a secretory immunoglobulin) and cytokine status, they proved high efficacy of the local if therapy during the acute respiratory viral infections. The researchers uncovered the preventive effects of the ointment, containing C2 interferon, in respect of the super infection by other respiratory viruses, which would allow one to optimize the antiepidemic regime in the in patient conditions.Key words: acute respiratory viral infection, children, local if therapy, interferon 2