6 research outputs found
Jaguar (Panthera onca) feeding ecology: distribution of predator and prey through time and space
Peccary movements as determinants of the movements of large cats in Brazilian Amazonia
As part of a study on the ecology of a community of middle-sized and larger mammals in a seasonally dry forest in the far north of the Brazilian Amazonia, peccaries (the white-lipped peccary Tayassu pecari and the collared peccary Tayassu tajacu) and large cats (the jaguar Panthera onca and the puma Puma concolor) were regularly surveyed for 1 year. Diurnal and nocturnal surveys were carried out by the line-transect method, in five different forest types along a 10 km transect, and data were collected on their use of the forest types. The peccary herds and the large cats were sighted regularly throughout the study period, but more frequently over the dry season in the high-ground forests in eastern Maracá. Over the dry season, when food was scarce except in the Buritizals, T. pecari, closely followed by a P. onca, monopolized the Buritizal forests, whereas T. tajacu, followed by a P. concolor, exploited the other available high-ground forest types. Fluctuations in food supply regulated the dynamics of the two species of peccaries, which ultimately determined the whereabouts of the large cat predators. This may be a counter-strategy to survive in an extremely seasonal environment where food, more than any other variable, is the key determinant of the survival of both peccaries and large cats. © 2007 The Zoological Society of London
Ganho de peso e evolução do rebanho de queixadas selvagens em sistemas de criação semi-extensivo e extensivo, em reserva de Cerrado Weight gain and evolution of a wild white-lipped peccaries under extensive and semi-extensive systems, on a Savanna area
A utilização de comedouros automáticos com milho em grão foi testada como técnica para efetuar recaptura, marcação e manejo de queixadas (Tayassu pecari) reintroduzidas em área de Cerrado. Através desta técnica pôde-se comparar o ganho de peso de animais manejados em sistema extensivo (em liberdade) e em sistema semi-extensivo (restritos a uma área de 15 ha), bem como verificar aspectos da biologia reprodutiva da espécie. O manejo de queixadas através do sistema extensivo, demonstrou proporcionar um maior ganho de peso aos animais. Os comedouros automáticos com milho em grão, além de se mostrarem eficientes para a atração e agregação dos queixadas, proporcionou uma suplementação de energia. Através da marcação e recaptura dos indivíduos conseguiu-se verificar que esses animais se reproduzem durante todo o ano, gerando 1,57 filhotes /fêmea /parto, com diferenciação entre sexos de 50%. A produtividade bruta no sistema semi-extensivo foi de 1,4 e a fecundidade bruta de 0,6. A adoção do sistema extensivo para o manejo de queixadas, pode ser uma solução para a exploração sustentável da espécie, principalmente em regiões onde esse recurso é utilizado como fonte de subsistência através da caça ilegal.<br>The use of automatic feed barrel with grain corn as a methodology to mark, recapture and management of white-lipped pecaries (Tayassu pecari) reintroduced on a Savanna area located at Mato Grosso do Sul State was tested. Using this technique we could compare the weight gain managing animals on extensive (freedom on the area) and semi-extensive systems (restricted to a 15ha area), and examine reproductive biology aspects of this specie. The management of white-lipped peccaries on the extensive system provided a greater weight gain to the animals. The automatic feed barrel with grain corn showed to be efficient to attract and aggregate the white-lipped peccaries but also provided supplemental energy. Using the mark and recapture method we could note that this animals reproduce all over the year, breeding 1,57 pig-lets/female/parturition, with the proportion between sex of 50%. Gross productivity was 1,4 and gross fecundity = 0,4. The adoption of extensive systems to manage white-lipped peccaries could be a solution to sustainable exploration of this specie at places where this resource is explored as a subsistence source through illegal hunting