Intramedulary locking nail elastic osteosynthesis in a cat femoral proximal fracture - case report

ABSTRACT Intramedullary nails are the focus of scientific studies in small animal orthopedic surgery because the use of these materials in fractures of immature, small-sized patients, and in proximal bone regions is challenging. In this context, elastic osteosynthesis has been strongly advocated for the treatment of patients under four months of age. Therefore, the objective of this study was to report two cases of non-exposed complete fractures of proximal femurs in felines, resulting from trauma, both patientes under six months of age, treated with the elastic technique using a locked intramedullary nail. Both cases were treated through a surgical approach to the fracture site using the "open, but don't touch" method. In both cases, the bone consolidation process occurred in less than 60 days, along with satisfactory and early patient ambulation. Given the advocated osteosynthesis technique in the two patients and the promising results obtained, it is admitted that the use of locked intramedullary nails is a viable alternative for the treatment of proximal bone fractures in young felines

Precision and trajectory of three-dimensionally printed animal-specific drill guide for cervical transpedicular screw placement in dogs: An ex vivo study

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the precision of a new surgical drill guide model printed in 3D to assist in directing cervical transpedicular screw placement. Five canine cadavers underwent computed tomography (CT). C5 and C6 cervical vertebrae were exported to three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction software, which allowed the creation of an animal-specific virtual perforation surgical guide (3DSDG) based on the safe corridor of the vertebral pedicle for placement of 2.7 mm screws. The 3DSDG were printed in 3D by the SLA method. Pedicular screws were applied with the aid of the 3DSDG in cadaveric vertebrae (specimens) and ABS-printed biomodels. After implantation, a CT scan was performed on the specimens and biomodels, the images were exported to a program to assess the transverse angle of the perforations. There was no difference between the screw trajectories angles in the species (p >0.05) and biomodels (p >0.05). The evaluation of screw trajectories by the three-dimensional reconstruction method and by computed tomography also showed no significant differences (p >0.05). Our hypothesis was confirmed once the 3D-printed animal-specific drill guide can potentially help guide the drill for screw drilling in the caudal cervical vertebral pedicle in dogs

Reinforcement of the pelvic diaphragm using a purse-string suture in dogs: description of technique

ABSTRACT Recurrence of perineal hernias is frequent, and is associated to poor identification of anatomical structures during surgery, inadequate suture placement, and failure of physical support of the pelvic diaphragm after surgical reconstruction. The objective of this work is to describe a novel surgical technique for reinforcement of the pelvic diaphragm after performing the internal obturator transposition technique in dogs with perineal hernia

Partial internal hemipelvectomy as rescue therapy in obstipation in four dogs: case report

ABSTRACT Multiple pelvic fractures can lead to narrowing of the pelvic canal and loss of life quality. Hemipelvectomy, characterized by removal of bone fragments from the pelvis, is considered a rescue therapy. This report describes the technique of caudal partial hemipelvectomy in four cases of obstipation secondary to traumatic pelvic canal narrowing in four dogs, with promising results. All patients had tenesmus and fecal retention. After the procedure, the patients presented immediate normochezia and support of the ipsilateral limb after 10 to 20 days, showing the feasibility of the technique in small animals, providing clinical improvement without walking alterations

Applicability of polyamide 12 intramedullary locked rods in the stabilization of induced humeral fracture in cockerels (white plymouth rock) - in vivo study

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of polyamide 12 intramedullary rods in osteotomized humerus in cockerels (White Plymouth Rock) and analyze, by radiography and histopathology, bone consolidation and the formation of bone callus. Ten cockerels were subjected to transverse osteotomy of the right humeral diaphysis followed by the insertion of polyamide 12 locked rods, with two nails in each bone fragment. Radiographies obtained at the immediate pre and post-operative period, and every 7 days for 3 months revealed no perioperatory complications. Radiography revealed a radiopaque bone callus between the 4th and 5th week post-surgery. Histopathology detected an amphophylic material (polyamide 12 rod) in the intramedullary region and the proliferation of highly vascularized connective tissue between the rod and the cortical bone. This connective tissue was highly cellular with differentiation into osteoblasts. The collagen fibers varied from loose to dense and a differentiated bone matrix, containing osteocytes in gaps and the development of bone marrow, was also observed; indicating the formation of a bone callus without signs of implant rejection. The polyamide 12 intramedullary rod was effective in the stabilization of the fractures used in this experimental model, with no rejection reaction for at least 90 days

Long-term assessment of a modified tibial tuberosity advancement technique in dogs

ABSTRACT The purpose of study was to assess long-term clinical and radiographic aspects of dogs’ stifle joints which had undergone a modified tibial tuberosity advancement technique (mTTA). A total of 15 stifles that had undergone mTTA for CCL disease of 11 patients were included in this study. Assessments involved patient’s gait analysis, cranial drawer and tibial compression tests, stifle goniometry range of articular motion, thigh and leg girth and radiographic evidence of progression of osteoarthrosis. Variables were compared between operated and healthy limbs and among moments (M0) on the early postop; (M1) 120 days postop; and (M2) approximately 5 years following surgery. A questionnaire regarding owner’s perceptions after approximately 5 years of surgery was assessed. Most dogs presented positive response to cranial drawer and tibial compression tests on operated knees. There was also decrease on goniometry and thigh girth and increase in leg girth. Radiographic evidence of progression of osteoarthritis was seen especially on the long-term follow-up (M2). On gait analysis, most animals presented some degree of lameness in different conditions, in contrast to owners’ perceptions. Osteoarthritis still develops in dogs following mTTA surgery for CCL disease. However, owners were overall satisfied with their recovery and would be willing to accept indication of mTTA for dogs with ruptured CCL

Long-term assessment of a modified tibial tuberosity advancement technique in dogs

<div><p>ABSTRACT The purpose of study was to assess long-term clinical and radiographic aspects of dogs’ stifle joints which had undergone a modified tibial tuberosity advancement technique (mTTA). A total of 15 stifles that had undergone mTTA for CCL disease of 11 patients were included in this study. Assessments involved patient’s gait analysis, cranial drawer and tibial compression tests, stifle goniometry range of articular motion, thigh and leg girth and radiographic evidence of progression of osteoarthrosis. Variables were compared between operated and healthy limbs and among moments (M0) on the early postop; (M1) 120 days postop; and (M2) approximately 5 years following surgery. A questionnaire regarding owner’s perceptions after approximately 5 years of surgery was assessed. Most dogs presented positive response to cranial drawer and tibial compression tests on operated knees. There was also decrease on goniometry and thigh girth and increase in leg girth. Radiographic evidence of progression of osteoarthritis was seen especially on the long-term follow-up (M2). On gait analysis, most animals presented some degree of lameness in different conditions, in contrast to owners’ perceptions. Osteoarthritis still develops in dogs following mTTA surgery for CCL disease. However, owners were overall satisfied with their recovery and would be willing to accept indication of mTTA for dogs with ruptured CCL.</p></div