190 research outputs found
Correct path-integral formulation of quantum thermal field theory in coherent-state representation
The path-integral quantization of thermal scalar, vector and spinor fields is
performed newly in the coherent-state representation. In doing this, we choose
the thermal electrodynamics and theory as examples. By this
quantization, correct expressions of the partition functions and the generating
functionals for the quantum thermal electrodynamics and theory are
obtained in the coherent-state representation. These expressions allow us to
perform analytical calculations of the partition functions and generating
functionals and therefore are useful in practical applications. Especially, the
perturbative expansions of the generating functionals are derived specifically
by virtue of the stationary-phase method. The generating functionals formulated
in the position space are re-derived from the ones given in the coherent-state
representation
Probing deeper into the risks of slips, trips and falls for an ageing rail passenger population: applying a systems approach
In this study, the authors report the findings from a study of the contributory factors leading to slips, trips and falls (STFs) amongst elderly passengers at train stations and how these are likely to change in the future over the medium to long term (the period 2035–2050). Their data draws on: stakeholder interviews with rail personnel and elderly passengers; a set of station observations carried out across the UK; and, a survey of the views of station managers. The findings point to a set of 22 contributory factors covering aspects of organisational, station environment and passenger (individual) influence on STFs. Amongst the factors which most concern station managers at the present and over the next few decades are: rushing behaviour on train platforms; the consumption of alcohol by passengers; aspects of station design (e.g. flooring); and, training for station staff as regard the risks of STFs. The authors summarise their findings in the form of a systems model which highlights priorities with regard to STFs in terms of all of the stakeholders taking part in the study. A final section discusses a set of issues which might form the basis for a future agenda for research and practice in this area
Integrable Open Spin Chain in Super Yang-Mills and the Plane-wave/SYM duality
We investigate the integrable structures in an N=2 superconfomal Sp(N)
Yang-Mills theory with matter, which is dual to an open+closed string system.
We restrict ourselves to the BMN operators that correspond to free string
states. In the closed string sector, an integrable structure is inherited from
its parent theory, N=4 SYM. For the open string sector, the planar one-loop
mixing matrix for gauge invariant holomorphic operators is identified with the
Hamiltonian of an integrable SU(3) open spin chain. Using the K-matrix
formalism we identify the integrable open-chain boundary conditions that
correspond to string boundary conditions. The solutions to the algebraic Bethe
ansatz equations (ABAE) with a few impurities are shown to recover the
anomalous dimensions that exactly match the spectrum of free open string in the
plane-wave background. We also discuss the properties of the solutions of ABAE
beyond the BMN regime.Comment: 18 pages, one eps figure, v3: typos corrected, clarifying footnotes
added, treatment of complex roots revise
Glueball spectrum based on a rigorous three-dimensional relativistic equation for two-gluon bound states I: Derivation of the relativistic equation
A rigorous three-dimensional relativistic equation satisfied by two-gluon
bound states is derived from the QCD with massive gluons. With the gluon fields
and the quark fields being expanded in terms of the gluon multipole fields and
the spherical Dirac spinors respectively, the equation is well established in
the angular momentum representation and hence is much convenient for solving
the problem of two-gluon glueball spectra. In particular, the interaction
kernel in the equation is exactly derived and given a closed expression which
includes all the interactions taking place in the two-gluon glueballs. The
kernel contains only a few types of Green's functions and commutators.
Therefore, it is not only easily calculated by the perturbation method, but
also provides a suitable basis for nonperturbative investigations
Probability distribution of the index in gauge theory on 2d non-commutative geometry
We investigate the effects of non-commutative geometry on the topological
aspects of gauge theory using a non-perturbative formulation based on the
twisted reduced model. The configuration space is decomposed into topological
sectors labeled by the index nu of the overlap Dirac operator satisfying the
Ginsparg-Wilson relation. We study the probability distribution of nu by Monte
Carlo simulation of the U(1) gauge theory on 2d non-commutative space with
periodic boundary conditions. In general the distribution is asymmetric under
nu -> -nu, reflecting the parity violation due to non-commutative geometry. In
the continuum and infinite-volume limits, however, the distribution turns out
to be dominated by the topologically trivial sector. This conclusion is
consistent with the instanton calculus in the continuum theory. However, it is
in striking contrast to the known results in the commutative case obtained from
lattice simulation, where the distribution is Gaussian in a finite volume, but
the width diverges in the infinite-volume limit. We also calculate the average
action in each topological sector, and provide deeper understanding of the
observed phenomenon.Comment: 16 pages,10 figures, version appeared in JHE
A non-perturbative study of 4d U(1) non-commutative gauge theory -- the fate of one-loop instability
Recent perturbative studies show that in 4d non-commutative spaces, the
trivial (classically stable) vacuum of gauge theories becomes unstable at the
quantum level, unless one introduces sufficiently many fermionic degrees of
freedom. This is due to a negative IR-singular term in the one-loop effective
potential, which appears as a result of the UV/IR mixing. We study such a
system non-perturbatively in the case of pure U(1) gauge theory in four
dimensions, where two directions are non-commutative. Monte Carlo simulations
are performed after mapping the regularized theory onto a U(N) lattice gauge
theory in d=2. At intermediate coupling strength, we find a phase in which open
Wilson lines acquire non-zero vacuum expectation values, which implies the
spontaneous breakdown of translational invariance. In this phase, various
physical quantities obey clear scaling behaviors in the continuum limit with a
fixed non-commutativity parameter , which provides evidence for a
possible continuum theory. The extent of the dynamically generated space in the
non-commutative directions becomes finite in the above limit, and its
dependence on is evaluated explicitly. We also study the dispersion
relation. In the weak coupling symmetric phase, it involves a negative
IR-singular term, which is responsible for the observed phase transition. In
the broken phase, it reveals the existence of the Nambu-Goldstone mode
associated with the spontaneous symmetry breaking.Comment: 29 pages, 23 figures, references adde
A Non-Perturbative Study of Gauge Theory on a Non-Commutative Plane
We perform a non-perturbative study of pure gauge theory in a two dimensional
non-commutative (NC) space. On the lattice, it is equivalent to the twisted
Eguchi-Kawai model, which we simulated at N ranging from 25 to 515. We observe
a clear large-N scaling for the 1- and 2-point function of Wilson loops, as
well as the 2-point function of Polyakov lines. The 2-point functions agree
with a universal wave function renormalization. Based on a Morita equivalence,
the large-N double scaling limit corresponds to the continuum limit of NC gauge
theory, so the observed large-N scaling demonstrates the non-perturbative
renormalizability of this NC field theory. The area law for the Wilson loops
holds at small physical area as in commutative 2d planar gauge theory, but at
large areas we find an oscillating behavior instead. In that regime the phase
of the Wilson loop grows linearly with the area. This agrees with the
Aharonov-Bohm effect in the presence of a constant magnetic field, identified
with the inverse non-commutativity parameter.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures, final version published in JHE
Interacting new generalized Chaplygin gas
We have presented a model in which the new generalized Chaplygin gas
interacts with matter. We find that there exists a stable scaling solution at
late times in the evolution of the universe. Moreover, the phantom crossing
scenario is observed in this model.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Int. J. Theor. Phy
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