Systematic Review of Medicine-Related Problems in Adult Patients with Atrial Fibrillation on Direct Oral Anticoagulants

New oral anticoagulant agents continue to emerge on the market and their safety requires assessment to provide evidence of their suitability for clinical use. There-fore, we searched standard databases to summarize the English language literature on medicine-related problems (MRPs) of direct oral anticoagulants DOACs (dabigtran, rivaroxban, apixban, and edoxban) in the treatment of adults with atri-al fibrillation. Electronic databases including Medline, Embase, International Pharmaceutical Abstract (IPA), Scopus, CINAHL, the Web of Science and Cochrane were searched from 2008 through 2016 for original articles. Studies pub-lished in English reporting MRPs of DOACs in adult patients with AF were in-cluded. Seventeen studies were identified using standardized protocols, and two reviewers serially abstracted data from each article. Most articles were inconclusive on major safety end points including major bleeding. Data on major safety end points were combined with efficacy. Most studies inconsistently reported adverse drug reactions and not adverse events or medication error, and no definitions were consistent across studies. Some harmful drug effects were not assessed in studies and may have been overlooked. Little evidence is provided on MRPs of DOACs in patients with AF and, therefore, further studies are needed to establish the safety of DOACs in real-life clinical practice

Development of Micro-Pores Including Nano-Pores on n-Si (100) Coated with Sparse Ag Under Dark Etching in 1.0 M NH4F Containing 5.0 M H2O2

International audienceSpecimens of n-type single crystalline silicon sparsely deposited with silver nano-particles on the Si (100) surfaces were put in 1.0 M NH4F + 5.0 M H2O2 to investigate their dark etching. Through examination by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the morphology on the n-Si (100) surface etched for 1 h revealed a sparse distribution of nano-pores (10~40 nm in diameter) according to the locations of Ag-particles; however, it exhibited porous surface consisting of micro-pores (1.5~3.1μm in diameter with 15~20μm in depth) where nano-pores (100~150 nm in diameter) were embedded inside for the etching duration prolonged for 5 h. The Nyquist plot for this system indicated two typical semicircles, in which the one in response to high frequencies revealed greater diameter and the other in response to low frequencies indicated smaller diameter. By checking the chemical bonding of silicon and silica in the NH4F/H2O2 system shows two important points at 99.3 eV and 103.4 eV

Development of Micro-Pores Including Nano-Pores on n-Si (100) Coated with Sparse Ag Under Dark Etching in 1.0 M NH4F Containing 5.0 M H2O2

International audienceSpecimens of n-type single crystalline silicon sparsely deposited with silver nano-particles on the Si (100) surfaces were put in 1.0 M NH4F + 5.0 M H2O2 to investigate their dark etching. Through examination by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the morphology on the n-Si (100) surface etched for 1 h revealed a sparse distribution of nano-pores (10~40 nm in diameter) according to the locations of Ag-particles; however, it exhibited porous surface consisting of micro-pores (1.5~3.1μm in diameter with 15~20μm in depth) where nano-pores (100~150 nm in diameter) were embedded inside for the etching duration prolonged for 5 h. The Nyquist plot for this system indicated two typical semicircles, in which the one in response to high frequencies revealed greater diameter and the other in response to low frequencies indicated smaller diameter. By checking the chemical bonding of silicon and silica in the NH4F/H2O2 system shows two important points at 99.3 eV and 103.4 eV

On Wet Etching of n-Si (100) Coated with Sparse Ag-Particles in Aqueous NH4F with the Aid of H2O2

International audienceSingle crystalline n-Si (100) previously coated with sparse silver nano-particles were immersed in various solutions of ammonium fluoride to investigate their wet etching. In the absence of H2O2, the open circuit potential (OCP) of the silicon was more active in the solutions of 11.0 M than 1.0 M NH4F. In the present of H2O2, the OCP of the silicon increased with increasing the concentration of H2O2 (from 1.0 to 5.0 M). The etching morphology of the specimens, examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealed two different types. The first type of morphologies revealed a number of deep pores produced on the n-Si (100) post its immersion in 1.0 M NH4F + 5.0 M H2O2 for 1 h. These pores were 50 - 150nm in diameter and 200 - 300nm in depth. The second type of morphologies displayed few shallow pores on the Si (100) post its immersion in 11.0 M NH4F + 5.0 M H2O2 for 1 h. The study of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) provided useful information to understand the kinetics of this system. The experimental EIS data simulated with commercial software (i.e., Z-view) were satisfactorily consistent with two distinct sets of proposed equivalent circuit (i.e., EQA and EQB) in response to those two different etching morphologies. Based on EQB, we construct a schematic model to illustrate the formation of deep pores on n-Si (100) in the system of 1.0 M NH4F + 5.0 M H2O2. The oxide capacitance (i.e., C1) present in EQB is absent in EQA and replaced with an inductance (i.e., L1). EQA could be used to delineate the kinetics of n-Si (100) in two single solutions of 1.0 and 11.0 M NH4F and that in 11.0 M NH4F + 5.0 M H2O2. In the absence of H2O2, the charge-transfer resistance (i.e., R2) in EQA is very high so that n-Si (100) is highly resistant to corrosion in both single 1.0 and 11.0 M NH4F. However, in the presence of H2O2, this charge transfer (i.e., R2) is hugely reduced in the system of 1.0 M NH4F + 5.0 M H2O2 and 11.0 M NH4F + 5.0 M H2O2. The contribution of hydrogen peroxide is not only to increase the open circuit potential but also to facilitate the creation of holes in the catalytic process assisted by the sparse nano Ag-particles on the n-Si (100) surface. The mechanism could be confirmed by the plots of phase angle against the exerted frequencies

Electronic structure of aligned carbon nanotubes studied by scanning photoelectron microscopy

We have investigated the local electronic structures from tip and sidewall regions of aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by employing scanning photoelectron microscopy (SPEM) and micro-photoemission spectroscopy. Spatially resolved spectra of C 1s, Si 2p and valence band have been measured. In particular, we compared the results from MWCNTs grown on Fe thin film catalyst with those using Ti catalyst, where the quality of alignment is much lower. For Fe catalyst, the SPEM data show that the tips have a larger density of states (DOS) and a higher C 1s binding energy than those of the sidewalls. In the case of Ti catalyst, Si 2p signal is detected within the CNT bundles. Different Si species can be identified. It is suggested that during the plasma-enhanced growth process, Si is transported into the CNT layer

Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) infections in giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Between July 2004 and January 2005, high mortalities (up to 80-100%) were frequently encountered in postlarvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in southern Taiwan. Pathologically, eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies (INIs) were found only in the hepatopancreatic tubular epithelial cells of the infected postlarvae from hatchery farms. No lesions could be detected in tissue of ectodermal or mesodermal origin. Interestingly, different lesions were found in sub-adults collected from a grow-out farm. Atrophic changes in abdominal muscles from the fourth to sixth segment and tail fan, associated with a reddish discoloration, were prominent features in these shrimp, but there was no unusual mortality or INI formation. In PCR assays for the detection of infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV), white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), Tanta syndrome virus (TSV), yellowhead virus (YEV), M. rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) and extra small virus (XSV), only an expected 389-bp product, specific for the IHHNV nonstructural protein gene, was obtained from all postlarvae and sub-adults examined. Positive reactions to in situ hybridization, using a DIG-labelled DNA probe, further confirmed IHHNV as the causative agent. In a comparison of our strains with Taiwanese (GenBank accession no. AY 355306 and AY 355308) and American strains (GenBank accession no. AF218266 and AF273215), nucleotide sequence identities were up to 99.7%. This is the first report concerning natural infection of IHHNV in postlarvae and sub-adults of M rosenbergii. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Searching a database under decoherence

10.1016/S0375-9601(02)01637-7Physics Letters, Section A: General, Atomic and Solid State Physics3065-6296-305PYLA