Non-stoichiometric oxide and metal interfaces and reactions

We have employed a combination of experimental surface science techniques and density functional calculations to study the reduction of TiO2(110) surfaces through the doping with submonolayer transition metals. We concentrate on the role of Ti adatoms in self doping of rutile and contrast the behaviour to that of Cr. DFT+U calculations enable identification of probable adsorption structures and their spectroscopic characteristics. Adsorption of both metals leads to a broken symmetry and an asymmetric charge transfer localised around the defect site of a mixed localised/delocalised character. Charge transfer creates defect states with Ti 3d character in the band gap at similar to 1-eV binding energy. Cr adsorption, however, leads to a very large shift in the valence-band edge to higher binding energy and the creation of Cr 3d states at 2.8-eV binding energy. Low-temperature oxidation lifts the Ti-derived band-gap states and modifies the intensity of the Cr features, indicative of a change of oxidation state from Cr3+ to Cr4+. Higher temperature processing leads to a loss of Cr from the surface region, indicative of its substitution into the bulk

Systematic Integration of Solution Elements: How Does Digital Creativity Support Change Group Dynamics?

Part 1: Long and Short PapersInternational audienceIn practice, most creativity techniques are still performed with traditional tools, such as pen and paper, whiteboards, and flipcharts. When transforming these techniques into a digital environment, the reduction of organizational overhead is the main goal to foster accessibility. Still, we do not know if overhead reduction fosters creativity or if it eliminates an important part of the creative process. To get a deeper understanding of these effects, we compare the performance of the creativity technique SIS (Systematic Integration of Solution Elements) in a traditional setting with a setup based on multiple interactive surfaces. By using a mix of diverse evaluation methods, we show how the use of a digital interactive creativity room can really foster creativity and produce better results

Padronização do teste ELISA baseado em antígeno capsular purificado dos sorotipos 3, 5 e 7 de Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Standarization of ELISA test based on purified capsular antigen from serotypes 3, 5 and 7 of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Foram padronizados testes de ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) baseados em antígeno capsular purificado de Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae sorotipos 3, 5 e 7, prevalentes no Brasil. Para a padronização foram utilizadas amostras de soro provenientes de leitões inoculados com os três sorotipos do agente em estudo, dos quais se colheram amostras de sangue semanais, durante 15 semanas para estudo da dinâmica da síntese de anticorpos. O controle negativo dos testes constituiu-se de um mistura de 130 soros de animais livres de Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App). Os antígenos também foram testados com amostras de soro de animais infectados com outros agentes causadores de doenças respiratórias e vacinados contra rinite atrófica. Os antígenos produzidos foram eficientes na detecção de animais infectados com App, permitindo determinar densidades óticas superiores à média dos soros controles negativos acrescida de quatro desvios-padrões. Os testes de ELISA para os sorotipos 3, 5 e 7 apresentaram especificidade de 100% e sensibilidade de 92, 88 e 90%, respectivamente. Não ocorreram reações cruzadas com outros sorotipos, assim como com soros de animais inoculados com outros agentes causadores de problemas respiratórios. Os resultados foram analisados através da análise discriminante de ANDERSON (1958), utilizando-se o programa Statistical Analysis System. Concluiu-se que os antígenos testados são adequados para sorotipar animais que tenham sido submetidos ao screening através de um teste de ELISA polivalente baseado em LPS-LC.<br>Three ELISA (Enzime-linked immunosorbent assay) tests based on purified capsular antigen from serotypes 3, 5 and 7 of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, prevalent in Brazil, were standardized. Serum samples, collected from piglets inoculated with these three serotypes, were used to standardize the test. In order to study the dynamic of antibody synthesis, weekly blood samples were collected from these piglets. A pool of 130 sera obtained from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae -free pigs was used as negative control for the tests. The antigens were also tested with serum samples from animals infected with other respiratory infectious agents and vaccinated against athrofic rinitis. The antigens were efficient in detecting animals infected with App. Optical densities above the average of the negative control sera plus four standard deviation were detected. ELISA tests to serotypes 3, 5 and 7 showed specificity of 100% and sensibility of 92, 88 and 90%, respectively. No cross reaction with other serotypes or with sera of animals inoculated with other respiratory pathogens was observed. The results were analyzed using the Statistical Analysis System program. Antigens tested were adequate for serotyping animals previously screened through a polyvalent LPS-LC ELISA test