La democracia en Europa: acerca de los princípios fundamentales del constitucionalismo europeo

Si bien es cierto que los Estados constitucionales de Europa varían en cuanto a la diversidad de sus elementos configuradores —federalismo, regionalismo, jurisdicción constitucional, concepción de los derechos fundamentales, cultura política—, no lo es menos que, a día de hoy, cabe constatar la existencia de un paradigma constitucional europeo con vocación de universalidad —democracia, supremacía constitucional, garantía efectiva de los derechos fundamentales, racionalización del parlamentarismo y descentralización política— fruto de las tres oleadas democratizadoras posteriores a la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Lo que, en cualquier caso, está claro es que este paradigma no es sólo un entramado de reglas normativas sino también expresión de un devenir histórico-político y un legado cultural dinámico. ¿Qué logros ha aportado la experiencia europea más reciente al tipo Estado constitucional? El presente trabajo reflexiona sobre todo ello.Obviously, each European constitutional state has its own singularity, its own characteristics and its own configurational elements —federalism, regionalism, constitutional justice, concept of fundamental rights, political culture—. However, it is also possible to observe today the existence of a European constitutional paradigm —democracy, constitutional primacy, effective guarantee of rights, parliamentarism and federalísm lato sensu— as a consequence of the three democratizing waves after the Second World War. This common paradigm or model is the result of a dynamic historical process. What achievements has the most recent European history contributed to the concept of constitutional state? This article reflects on all this

Data protection in public sector: normative analysis of portuguese and brazilian legal orders

Considering that information technology penetrates all areas and domains of the public sector, it has to be considered the extension of the required regulation needed for warranting that this phenomenon becomes an advantage and not a threat. In this sense, this study has as aims to discuss certain aspects associated with fair use of emerging and disruptive technologies and (such as Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, Big Data) in the public sector. The emphasis may fall upon the treatment of this subject by traditional regulatory instances, such as Data Protection Regulation-GDPR, in the sense of enhancing the capacity of Governments to ensure privacy, data protection, and the protection of citizens.This work has been supported by FCT Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2019

The role of the synchrotron component in the mid infrared spectrum of M 87

We study in detail the mid-infrared Spitzer-IRS spectrum of M 87 in the range 5 to 20 micron. Thanks to the high sensitivity of our Spitzer-IRS spectra we can disentangle the stellar and nuclear components of this active galaxy. To this end we have properly subtracted from the M 87 spectrum, the contribution of the underlying stellar continuum, derived from passive Virgo galaxies in our sample. The residual is a clear power-law, without any additional thermal component, with a zero point consistent with that obtained by high spatial resolution, ground based observations. The residual is independent of the adopted passive template. This indicates that the 10 micron silicate emission shown in spectra of M 87 can be entirely accounted for by the underlying old stellar population, leaving little room for a possible torus contribution. The MIR power-law has a slope alpha ~ 0.77-0.82 (S$_\nu\propto\nu^{-\alpha}$), consistent with optically thin synchrotron emission.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ main journa

Experimental investigation of dynamical invariants in bipartite entanglement

The non-conservation of entanglement, when two or more particles interact, sets it apart from other dynamical quantities like energy and momentum. It does not allow the interpretation of the subtle dynamics of entanglement as a flow of this quantity between the constituents of the system. Here we show that adding a third party to a two-particle system may lead to a conservation law that relates the quantities characterizing the bipartite entanglement between each of the parties and the other two. We provide an experimental demonstration of this idea using entangled photons, and generalize it to N-partite GHZ states

FPGAS and Database Engines Integration

This work focuses on the integration of an FPGA with a database engine. The purpose is to design and implement hardware-accelerated algorithms that are useful for the real-time work demands of modern databases in the world of data science and “Big Data” analysis. The work proposes an integration architecture of a commercial FPGA and an open source database. As an example of application, it is proposed the encryption and decryption of data using these services implemented in an FPGA. The algorithm used is the well-known 128-bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). The hardware-accelerated algorithm is used within the MySQL open-source database engine by using a UDF function in the API provided by the engine to test the algorithms implemented in hardware for processing large amounts of data. The FPGA is a commercial version of the manufacturer Xilinx.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologí