Cancel Culture in Constructing National Identity of the Caspian Macro-region Countries (on the Example of Textbooks in Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan)

The process of the formation of independent states on the territories of post-Soviet republics raised the problem of the construction of their national identities. This process was propelled by the rejection of Soviet identity and the cultural legacy of the Soviet era. This rejection necessitated a reinterpretation of the historical past of the nations and a revision of the pantheon of national heroes. To achieve this goal, the mechanism of cancel culture was used, which aimed at rejecting the values of a certain culture and constructing a new worldview. In this research, we are interested in the Caspian macro-region, which is an object of interest both geopolitically and economically not only for the five international actors (Russia, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Iran, Azerbaijan) having access to the water area but also for more distant states (China, Turkey, the USA, and leading European countries) fighting for influence in the Caspian basin. In the Caspian region there is heightened tension, manifested in ethnic conflicts (Armenian-Azerbaijani, Kazakhstan, Iran, etc.), therefore the study of the process of national identity construction in each subject individually and in the whole region is not only a matter of scientific interest but also a strategic task to ensure both Caspian and Russian security. The main purpose of the article is to analyze the mechanisms of constructing a new national identity of the Caspian countries through the cancel culture, reconsidering their experience and historical development. This process can be seen most clearly in the example of changes in the educational systems of the Caspian region countries. To conduct a comparative analysis, we took history and local history textbooks from secondary schools and institutions of higher education in the republics of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. This research was limited to the study of textbooks published in the Russian language. The selection was made by random sampling. A series of research projects on the construction of national identity in the post-Soviet space through the mechanism of cancel culture starts with this article presenting the results of the study of two countries in the Caspian Sea region — Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan

Assessment of quality and safety of pork treated with low-temperature atmospheric-pressure plasma

It is known that processing methods ensuring partial or full microbial inactivation are quite limited. Therefore, it is of great interest to develop technique and technologies allowing the effective action on microorganisms without a significant influence on product properties. The use of cold plasma can be one of the promising methods of meat product treatment by cold sterilization. The present work examines a possibility of chilled meat treatment with low-temperature atmospheric-pressure plasma to increase its stability to microbial spoilage and extend shelf life. To obtain low temperature plasma, the equipment developed by the designing department “Plasmamed” was used. Chilled meat was treated with low-temperature atmospheric-pressure argon plasma for 5, 10, 20 and 30 min. Samples were stored at a temperature of 2–4 °C for 10 days. Organoleptic indices, moisture weight fraction, changes in pH and water activity were analyzed before treatment and during storage. Sanitary microbiological analyses were carried out by the following indicators: quantity of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms (QMAFAnM), the presence and quantity of coliforms, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Proteus. It was shown that meat cold treatment with argon plasma inhibited the development of mesophilic microorganisms. The colony forming units detected in the samples after ten days of storage were determined by the duration of exposure to plasma. It was proved that meat treatment for 15 and 30 min had the bactericidal effect and facilitated an improvement in meat color during storage. The organoleptic indices of the samples treated with plasma corresponded to the requirements of standards and approved consumer characteristics

An effect of anti-stress feed additives on broiler productivity and meat quality

The paper presents the study on an impact of feed additives Peak anti-stress and SPAO (SPAO-complex) with different lithium content on meat productivity and meat quality of broiler chickens. The feed additives exert a pronounced metabolic effect, have adaptogen properties and allow forming a mechanism that facilitates compensation of the expenditure of the body, which significantly increases upon stress development. It was established that the average daily gain of the broiler chickens increased by 1.8% and 4.3% on the background of using SPAO-complex and Peak anti-stress, respectively, compared to the broiler chickens that did not receive the feed additives in the daily diet. It was shown that addition of feed additives with lithium into a diet led to an improvement of the indices of broiler meat productivity and meat quality: a level of yield of the carcasses of the 1st category increased up to 56.2–79.1%, high organoleptic indices of meat were ensured, the protein content in white and red chicken meat increased and functional-technological properties of minced meat improved. The use of feed additives ensured profitability of industrial poultry production; the highest indices of profitability were established upon introduction of the feed additive Peak anti-stress into a diet — up to 8.67 rubles per each ruble of expenses. The obtained results of the study should be taken into consideration in the technological processes when raising broiler chickens

AUTOANTIBODIES CONTENTS OF TEENAGERS WITH CHRONIC DISEASES OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT LIVING IN THE INDUSTRIAL CENTRE

Environmental conditions may be a prerequisite for the development of various pathological processes in individuals living in environmentally disadvantaged areas. The respiratory system is the first target of the pollutants. Therefore, respiratory diseases occupy the first place in the overall morbidity. The aim of this work was to study the content of autoantibodies in blood serum of teenagers with chronic disease of the upper respiratory tract, living in air pollution emissions of the petrochemical industry. Teenagers from industrial center living near petrochemical company and "sleeping areas" were examined. Otolaryngologist conducted a survey to assess the state of the upper respiratory tract (URT). In each of the areas individuals with and without chronic diseases of the URT were isolated. The content of IgG antibodies in the serum to antigens that characterizes the general state of the immune system (the native DNA, p2-glycoprotein I, Fc-fragment of IgG) was studied by enzyme immunoassay. Statistical processing of the results was performed using nonparametric methods software package «Statistica 6.0». Diseases of the respiratory system take the first place (42.9 %) in the structure of morbidity level. According to anamnestic data more often were the following disorders: chronic tonsillitis (18,9 ± 2,6 %), chronic pharyngitis (6,8 ± 1,7 %), acute respiratory infections (42,3 ± 3,32 %). Comparison of the incidence of chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract infections in teenagers found that cases of chronic tonsillitis were observed in 45,0 ± 4,9 % of schoolchildren living near the industrial plant and 33,3 ± 4,3 % of teenagers from residential areas, cases of chronic pharyngitis - in 12,7± 3,3 % and5± 1,9 %, respectively. In teenagers from the «sleeping areas» with chronic diseases of the URT the level of auto-antibodies to p2-glycoprotein I was lower than one in healthy children from the same area due to the greater number of cases of lower values. In the group of teenagers with chronic diseases of the URTfrom environmentally disadvantaged areas children with high content of antibodies to p2-glycoprotein I were more common than in the groups of healthy teenagers living in the same area. The findings suggest that there is activation of the immune system in healthy schoolchildren living in a «sleeping areas" of the industrial city. It can be assumed that the detected changes in the content of autoantibodies may indicate features for the adaptive processes under development pressure because of the surveyed students identified isolated cases of hypo- or hyperimmunoreactivity of specific autoantibodies

Content of autoantibodies in teenagers with chronic pathology of upper respiratory tract who live in an industrial center

Conditions of environment can become causes of developments of different pathologic processes in people, living in ecologically unfavorable regions. The aim. of the work was to study contents of autoantibodies in blood serum of teenagers with chronic pathology of respiratory tract living in areas contaminated with emissions of petrochemical industry. We examined teenagers living near petrochemical industry and. in commuter towns. In each area people with and. without chronic pathology of respiratory tract were marked out. We studied the levels of serum autoantibodies to antigens that characterize condition of immune system. (nDNA, β2-glycoprotein I, Fc-enzyme, IgG). The changes of autoantibodies contents can tell about peculiarities of course of adaptive processes in teenagers living in the conditions of technogenic load

Metabolomic profiles of <i>Ribes nigrum</i> L. and <i>Lonicera caerulea</i> L. from the collection of the N.I. Vavilov Institute in the setting of Northwest Russia

Recently, the trend of using fruit and berry crops as ingredients for functional and dietary nutrition, the development and implementation of flavors, pigments, new medicines and dietary supplements has been actualized. Because the direction of use depends on the biochemical properties of fruits, which are determined not only by species and varietal characteristics, but also by reproduction conditions, the study of the biochemical composition of fruits grown in various regions of the world continues to be relevant. In this regard, the collection of N.I. Vavilov Institute (VIR), which has a wide diversity of fruit and berry crops, is of great interest for study. Ribes nigrum fruits have a balanced set of sugars, organic acids, essential oils, microelements, a high content of vitamins, anthocyanins, pectins. Lonicera caerulea fruits are characterized by high values of phenolic substances: bioflavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols, polyphenols, anthocyanins, as well as vitamins, carotenoids, iridoid glycosides and other natural antioxidants. The investigation of L. caerulea and R. nigrum fruit’s accessions from the VIR collection using gas-liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry allows us to obtain new information about the biochemical characteristics of fruits, to identify L. caerulea and R. nigrum varieties with optimal economically valuable characteristics, to determine the specificity of L. caerulea and R. nigrum metabolomic spectra in the setting of Northwest Russia. As a result of the analysis, typical compounds of the metabolomic profile of each culture were identified. Organic acids, phenol-containing compounds and polyols prevailed in L. caerulea, while mono- and oligosaccharides, in R. nigrum. The qualitative composition of the black currant varieties ‘Malen’kii Printz’, ‘Dobriyi Dzhinn’, ‘Tisel’, ‘Orlovskii Val’s’, and blue honeysuckle ‘S 322-4’, ‘Malvina’, ‘Leningradsky Velikan’ was optimal for food consumption; the varieties of blue honeysuckle ‘Bazhovskaya’ and black currant ‘Aleander’ had a good representation of biologically active compounds, which makes samples attractive as raw materials for the production of biologically active additives, including with the use of microorganisms’ cultures

Prospects for photostimulation of nisin biosynthesis

The purpose of the article was to study the effect of blue spectrum light on the nisin producer Lactobacillus lactis. It was found that photostimulation of a Lactobacillus Lactis culture with blue spectrum light (435-470 nm) with a light flux intensity of 1800 mcd for 50-60 minutes positively affects the activity of nisin (increases by 60.1%), while the titer of the Lactobacillus culture lactis is 2 times higher. At the same time, there is a slight decrease in nisin titer after 24 hours of incubation, which is explained by the peculiarities of nisin biosynthesis: nisin is less active at the beginning of biosynthesis; during the period of the exponential growth phase, an increase in the biosynthesis of nisin is noted; the greatest activity of nisin is noted at the beginning of the stationary phase; nisin synthesis is reduced in the middle of the stationary phase of the cells; self-regulation of nisin synthesis (increased nisin synthesis leads to increased competition for metabolites of the substrate and energy material, nisin molecules act as an external factor that regulates synthesis). Light treatment of the nisin producer Lactobacillus lactis increases its resistance to oxidative stress and enhances its viability. As a result of studies during storage of the Lactobacillus lactis culture in skimmed milk, the positive effect of light on the high preservation of nisin activity was proved. Thus, photostimulation of the bioproducer of nisin - Lactobacillus Lactis culture with blue light with a light flux intensity of 1800 mcd for 50-60 minutes has a positive effect on its viability and allows us to recommend the use of blue light to increase nisin production. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Thyroid status of males with acute infectious pulmonary destruction

The aim of the study was to investigate the indicators of the thyroid status in males with acute infectious pulmonary destruction (AIPD), depending on the disease form and the presence of complications. Material and methods. The serum levels of total triiodothyronine (T3), total thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured by radioimmunoassay in 80 males with AIPD and 30 healthy males volunteers. Results. T3 serum level is decreased in males with AIPD and is not depended on the disease form and complications. T3 serum level reduction is occurred due to decrease of peripheral conversion of thyroid hormones. If AIPD is complicated by sepsis, then T4 production is reduced. T4 serum level correlates with the presence of sepsis in males with AIPD (rS = –0.49; p = 0.000003). The sepsis probability threshold in males with AIPD for value T4 is ≤95.5 nmol/L with a sensitivity of 100 % and a specificity of 62.5 %. Thyroid function remains normal in 25 % (95 % CI: 16–34) of males with AIPD, in other cases it is represented by: primary hypothyroidism – in 11 % (95 % CI: 4–18), nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) type I – in 44 % (95 % CI: 33–55), NTIS type II – in 11 % (95 % CI: 4–18), NTIS type V – in 9 % (95 % CI: 3–15). NTIS type II is associated with the highest mortality rate (pFisher = 0.0015). T4 serum levels correlate with mortality in males with AIPD (rS = –0.37; p = 0.00082). The mortality probability threshold in males with AIPD for value T4 is ≤70.1 nmol/L with a sensitivity of 68.7 % and a specificity of 78.1 %. The obtained data indicates the advisability of monitoring and analysis of the thyroid status indicators in males with AIPD for the diagnosis of sepsis and prognosis of the disease outcome

THE INFLUENCE OF IONIZING RADIATION ON THE THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MEAT FROM THE BROILER CHICKENS WITH DIFFERENT STRESS RESISTANCE

The studies on the influence of radiation treatment of carcasses from the stress-resistant and stress-sensitive broiler chickens on the thermophysical properties of raw meat are presented. An increase in thermal diffusivity of meat from the stress-resistant poultry by 24.7 % and 54.7 % after radiation treatment of carcasses with ionizing radiation doses of 9 kGy and 12 kGy, respectively, was established. In meat from the stress-sensitive poultry, this figure increased by 33.3 % and 35.8 % compared to the untreated carcasses.It is shown that radiation treatment of carcasses by applied doses increased the thermal conductivity coefficient of meat from the stressresistant poultry by 5.3% and 7.0 %; in meat from the stress-sensitive poultry, this figure increased by 2.0 and 6.2 times compared to meat from the carcasses not exposed to radiation. At the same time, the value of the heat capacity coefficient was reduced. The irradiated poultry meat samples accumulate energy of ionizing radiation more intensively, which allows the intensification of the thermal processes occurring at various stages of meat product production. Treatment of meat from the stress-resistant poultry with ionizing radiation can reduce the amount of meat with non-traditional autolysis due to changes in its functionaltechnological properties. The results of the research should be taken into account in technological processes in the production of meat products with non-traditional autolysis.The studies on the influence of radiation treatment of carcasses from the stress-resistant and stress-sensitive broiler chickens on the thermophysical properties of raw meat are presented. An increase in thermal diffusivity of meat from the stress-resistant poultry by 24.7 % and 54.7 % after radiation treatment of carcasses with ionizing radiation doses of 9 kGy and 12 kGy, respectively, was established. In meat from the stress-sensitive poultry, this figure increased by 33.3 % and 35.8 % compared to the untreated carcasses.It is shown that radiation treatment of carcasses by applied doses increased the thermal conductivity coefficient of meat from the stressresistant poultry by 5.3% and 7.0 %; in meat from the stress-sensitive poultry, this figure increased by 2.0 and 6.2 times compared to meat from the carcasses not exposed to radiation. At the same time, the value of the heat capacity coefficient was reduced. The irradiated poultry meat samples accumulate energy of ionizing radiation more intensively, which allows the intensification of the thermal processes occurring at various stages of meat product production. Treatment of meat from the stress-resistant poultry with ionizing radiation can reduce the amount of meat with non-traditional autolysis due to changes in its functionaltechnological properties. The results of the research should be taken into account in technological processes in the production of meat products with non-traditional autolysis