55 research outputs found
The Passive Yet Successful Way of Planktonic Life: Genomic and Experimental Analysis of the Ecology of a Free-Living Polynucleobacter Population
Background: The bacterial taxon Polynucleobacter necessarius subspecies asymbioticus represents a group of planktonic freshwater bacteria with cosmopolitan and ubiquitous distribution in standing freshwater habitats. These bacteria comprise,1 % to 70 % (on average about 20%) of total bacterioplankton cells in various freshwater habitats. The ubiquity of this taxon was recently explained by intra-taxon ecological diversification, i.e. specialization of lineages to specific environmental conditions; however, details on specific adaptations are not known. Here we investigated by means of genomic and experimental analyses the ecological adaptation of a persistent population dwelling in a small acidic pond. Findings: The investigated population (F10 lineage) contributed on average 11 % to total bacterioplankton in the pond during the vegetation periods (ice-free period, usually May to November). Only a low degree of genetic diversification of the population could be revealed. These bacteria are characterized by a small genome size (2.1 Mb), a relatively small number of genes involved in transduction of environmental signals, and the lack of motility and quorum sensing. Experiments indicated that these bacteria live as chemoorganotrophs by mainly utilizing low-molecular-weight substrates derived from photooxidation of humic substances. Conclusions: Evolutionary genome streamlining resulted in a highly passive lifestyle so far only known among free-living bacteria from pelagic marine taxa dwelling in environmentally stable nutrient-poor off-shore systems. Surprisingly, such a lifestyle is also successful in a highly dynamic and nutrient-richer environment such as the water column of the investigate
Measuring low radium activities by means of a scintillation chamber with an electrostatic field
Apparatus for determining the direction of flow of underground water revealed by a drilled well
PHYTOCENOUS IMPORTANCE OF CEPHALARIALITVINOVII BOBR. IN THE VEGETATION OF THE PENZA REGION
4 locations of a rare endemic species Cephalaria litvinovii Bobr. (Dipsacaceae) are known in the Penza region at the present time. It occurs in the Kolyshlei, Mokshan and Maloserdobinsky districts of the Penza region. Three finds were made in the Volga basin, one in the Don basin. Flora and vegetation of each of these sites were analyzed, which allowed to clarify the ecological features of the species. With a view of protection in the Penza region it is recommended to create two new specially protected natural territories: Mayskoye in Maloserdobinsky («May Reserve of Cephalaria litvinovii») and near the station Scriabin in the Kolyshleysky Districts («Scriabin's Reserve Cephalaria litvinovii»)
The Lichen Connections of Black Fungi
Many black meristematic fungi persist on
rock surfaces\u2014hostile and exposed habitats where
high doses of radiation and periods of desiccation
alternate with rain and temperature extremes. To cope
with these extremes, rock-inhabiting black fungi show
phenotypic plasticity and produce melanin as cell wall
pigments. The rather slow growth rate seems to be an
additional prerequisite to oligotrophic conditions. At
least some of these fungi can undergo facultative,
lichen-like associations with photoautotrophs. Certain
genera presenting different lifestyles are phylogenetic
related among the superclass Dothideomyceta. In this
paper, we focus on the genus Lichenothelia, which
includes border-line lichens, that is, associations of
melanised fungi with algae without forming proper
lichen thalli. We provide a first phylogenetic hypothesis
to show that Lichenothelia belongs to the superclass
Dothideomyceta. Further, culture experiments
revealed the presence of co-occurring fungi in Lichenothelia
thalli. These fungi are related to plant
pathogenic fungi (Mycosphaerellaceae) and to other
rock-inhabiting lineages (Teratosphaeriaceae). The
Lichenothelia thallus-forming fungi represent therefore
consortia of different black fungal strains. Our
results suggest a common link between rock-inhabiting
meristematic and lichen-forming lifestyles of
ascomycetous fungi
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