УЧАСТЬ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІВ У РЕГІОНАЛЬНИХ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ ЕКОСИСТЕМАХ, ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКІЙ ДОСВІД

Implementation of a «smart» city elements is a serious challenge for all cities of Ukraine, as the competitiveness of cities will determine their development or stagnation in the future. With a purpose to addressing the transformation of cities into «smart» cities, development strategies and new institutions are set up to initiate and transform various elements of the city’s ecosystems in accordance with the challenges of today.An analysis of the best practices of the«smart» cities of the European Union, not only the practical aspect but also the theoretical principles used by the city leaders in the region to form effective innovative ecosystems, is relevant not only for scientists but also for employees of regional development agencies of Ukraine.The purpose of the article is to review the best practices of a higher education institutions participation in regional innovative ecosystems.The article gives an overview of theoretical principles for the formation of effective innovative ecosystems and the necessary actions of state regulators, as well as local self-government bodies.Also, reviewed regulatory acts on the creation of innovative ecosystems and«smart» cities in the European Union.Внедрение элементов «умного» города является серьезным вызовом для всех городов Украины, поскольку конкурентоспособность городов будет определять их развитие или стагнацию в будущем. С целью комплексного решения преобразования городов в «умные» создаются стратегии развития и новые институты, которые призваны начинать и трансформировать различные элементы экосистемы города в соответствии с вызовами современности.Проведение анализа передового опыта «умных» городов Европейского Союза, при этом не только практического аспекта но и теоретических основ используемых городами лидерами в регионе для формирования эффективных инновационных экосистем, является актуальным не только для учених, но и для сотрудников региональных агентств развития Украины.Целью статьи является обзор передовых практик участия высших учебных заведений в инновационных экосистемах. В статье представлен обзор теоретических основ по формированию эффективных инновационных экосистем, также рассмотрены необходимые действия государственных регуляторов, а также органов местного самоуправления. Отдельно рассмотрены регуляторные акты по созданию инновационных экосистем и «умных» городов Европейского Союза.Впровадження елементів «розумного» міста є серйозним викликом для всіх міст України, оскільки конкурентоздатність міст визначатиме їх розвиток або стагнацію в майбутньому.З метою комплексного вирішення перетворення міст в «розумні» створюються стратегії розвитку і нові інституції, що покликані  започатковувати та трансформувати різні елементи екосистеми міставідповідно до викликів сьогодення.Проведення аналізу передового досвіду «розумних» міст Європейського Союзу, при цьому не тільки практичного аспекту, але й теоретичних засад, які використовують міста-лідери в регіоні для формування ефективних інноваційних екосистем, є актуальним не лише для науковців але й для співробітників регіональних агенцій розвитку України.Метою статті є огляд передових практик участі вищих навчальних закладів у інноваційних екосистемах. У статті подано огляд теоретичних засад з формування ефективних інноваційних екосистем, розглянуто необхідні дії державних регуляторів, а також органів місцевого самоврядування. Окремо розглянуто регуляторні акти щодо створення інноваційних екосистем і «розумних» міст Європейського Союзу

Defect-unbinding and the Bose-glass transition in layered superconductors

The low-field Bose-glass transition temperature in heavy-ion irradiated Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_8+d increases progressively with increasing density of irradiation-induced columnar defects, but saturates for densities in excess of 1.5 x10^9 cm^-2. The maximum Bose-glass temperature corresponds to that above which diffusion of two-dimensional pancake vortices between different vortex lines becomes possible, and above which the ``line-like'' character of vortices is lost. We develop a description of the Bose-glass line that is in excellent quantitative agreement with the experimental line obtained for widely different values of track density and material parameters.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Steps in the Negative-Differential-Conductivity Regime of a Superconductor

Current-voltage characteristics were measured in the mixed state of Y1Ba2Cu3O(7-delta) superconducting films in the regime where flux flow becomes unstable and the differential conductivity dj/dE becomes negative. Under conditions where its negative slope is steep, the j(E) curve develops a pronounced staircase like pattern. We attribute the steps in j(E) to the formation of a dynamical phase consisting of the succesive nucleation of quantized distortions in the local vortex velocity and flux distribution within the moving flux matter.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Possibility of the new type phase transition

The scalar field theory and the scalar electrodynamics quantized in the flat gap are considered. The dynamical effects arising due to the boundary presence with two types of boundary conditions (BC) satisfied by scalar fields are studied. It is shown that while the Neumann BC lead to the usual scalar field mass generation, the Dirichlet BC give rise to the dynamical mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking. Due to the later, there arises the possibility of the new type phase transition from the normal to spontaneously broken phase. The decreasing in the characteristic size of the quantization region (the gap size here) and increasing in the temperature compete with each other, tending to transport the system in the spontaneously broken and in the normal phase, respectively. The system evolves with a combined parameter, simultaneously reflecting the change in temperature and in the size. As a result, at the critical value of this parameter there occurs the phase transition from the normal phase to the spontaneously broken one. In particular, the usual massless scalar electrodynamics transforms to the Higgs model

Hydrodynamics and Nonlocal Conductivities in Vortex States of Type II Superconductors

A hydrodynamical description for vortex states in type II superconductors is presented based on the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation (TDGL). In contrast to the familiar extension of a single vortex dynamics based on the force balance, our description is consistent with the known hydrodynamics of a rotating neutral superfluid and correctly includes informations on the Goldstone mode. Further it enables one to examine nonlocal conductivities perpendicular to the magnetic field in terms of Kubo formula. The nonlocal conductivities deviate from the usual vortex flow expressions typically when the nonlocality parallel to the field becomes weaker than the perpendicular one measuring a degree of positional correlations, and, for instance, the superconducting contribution of dc Hall conductivity nonlocal only in directions perpendicular to the field becomes vanishingly small in the situations with large shear viscosity, leading to an experimentally measurable relation $\rho_{xy} \sim {\rho_{xx}^2}$ among the total resistivity components. Other situations are also discussed on the basis of the resulting expressions.Comment: 12 pages, no figures, to appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. in October, 199

Nucleation of Stable Superconductivity in YBCO-Films

By means of the linear dynamic conductivity, inductively measured on epitaxial films between 30mHz and 30 MHz, the transition line $T_g (B)$ to generic superconductivity is studied in fields between B=0 and 19T. It follows closely the melting line $T_m (B)$ described recently in terms of a blowout of thermal vortex loops in clean materials. The critical exponents of the correlation length and time near $T_g (B)$, however, seem to be dominated by some intrinsic disorder. Columnar defects produced by heavy-ion irradiation up to field-equivalent-doses of $B_{\phi} = 10T$ lead to a disappointing reduction of $T_g (B \to 0)$ while for $B>B_{\phi}$ the generic line of the pristine film is recovered. These novel results are also discussed in terms of a loop-driven destruction of generic superconductivity.Comment: 11 pages including 7 EPS figures, accepted for publication in the Proceedings of the Spring Meeting of the German Physical Society, Muenster 1999,Festkoerperprobleme/Advances in Solid State Physics 199

Transition to an Insulating Phase Induced by Attractive Interactions in the Disordered Three-Dimensional Hubbard Model

We study numerically the interplay of disorder and attractive interactions for spin-1/2 fermions in the three-dimensional Hubbard model. The results obtained by projector quantum Monte Carlo simulations show that at moderate disorder, increasing the attractive interaction leads to a transition from delocalized superconducting states to the insulating phase of localized pairs. This transition takes place well within the metallic phase of the single-particle Anderson model.Comment: revtex, 4 pages, 3 figure

Possible new vortex matter phases in BSCCO

The vortex matter phase diagram of BSCCO crystals is analyzed by investigating vortex penetration through the surface barrier in the presence of a transport current. The strength of the effective surface barrier, its nonlinearity, and asymmetry are used to identify a possible new ordered phase above the first-order transition. This technique also allows sensitive determination of the depinning temperature. The solid phase below the first-order transition is apparently subdivided into two phases by a vertical line extending from the multicritical point.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in PR