Parents' knowledge and behaviour concerning sunning their babies; a cross-sectional, descriptive study

BACKGROUND: For centuries, sunlight has been used for therapeutic purposes. Parents still sun their infants to treat neonatal jaundice, nappy rash or mostly to supply vitamin D for bone development as a consequence of health beliefs. In this study we aimed to assess knowledge and behaviour of parents about benefits of sunlight and sun protection. METHODS: In this study, parents attending to governmental primary healthcare units for their children's routine vaccinations, upon their informed consent, were consecutively enrolled during one month. Data were collected by a semi-structured questionnaire. RESULTS: The mean age of 118 enrolled parents and their babies were 27.9 ± 6.5 years and 8.3 ± 5.8 months, respectively. Most of the participants were mothers (93.2%), housewives (81.4%) with an educational level of ≥6 years (71.2%). Sunlight was considered beneficial for bone development (86.4%), diaper rash (5.9%) and neonatal jaundice (12.7%). In case of neonatal jaundice 72.0% of the participants reported that they would consult a physician. Most of the participants (82.2%) were sunning their babies outdoors. Nearly half (49.7%) of them got this information from medical staff. Fifty two percent of the parents were sunning their babies before 10–11 a.m. and/or after 3 p.m. Only 13.6% of parents reported using sunscreen for their babies, and the majority of them were using sun protecting factor ≥ 15. One forth of the sunscreen users was using sunscreen according to their physicians' advice. CONCLUSION: Most of the participants were aware of the benefits of sunlight; especially for bone development. However they were displaying inappropriate behaviour while sunning their babies for health reasons. More education should be given to parents about the danger of sunlight at primary health care units while advising to sun their babies, if any

Synthesis and thermal behaviour of well-crystallized calcium-deficient phosphate apatite

Large crystals (0.5*0.5*10 mu m) of calcium-deficient hydroxyapatites (DAp's) have been synthesized by aqueous precipitation under controlled conditions of pH and temperature. The samples have been characterized using chemical analysis, temperature-programmed dehydration (TPR), X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. They show that very well-crystallized DAp's with Ca/P close to 1.50 can be obtained under well-selected synthesis conditions. The specimens presented typical TPR patterns, consisting of a diffuse evolution of water in the range 300-700 degrees C and a sharper one in the range 700-900 degrees C. The maximum temperatures of the TPR bands were found to be markedly higher for the DAp specimen having the largest crystal size.Anglai

Synthesis and Thermal-behavior of Well-crystallized Calcium-deficient Phosphate Apatite

Large crystals (0.5*0.5*10 mu m) of calcium-deficient hydroxyapatites (DAp's) have been synthesized by aqueous precipitation under controlled conditions of pH and temperature. The samples have been characterized using chemical analysis, temperature-programmed dehydration (TPR), X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. They show that very well-crystallized DAp's with Ca/P close to 1.50 can be obtained under well-selected synthesis conditions. The specimens presented typical TPR patterns, consisting of a diffuse evolution of water in the range 300-700 degrees C and a sharper one in the range 700-900 degrees C. The maximum temperatures of the TPR bands were found to be markedly higher for the DAp specimen having the largest crystal size.Anglai

Coupled models in low-frequency electromagnetic simulation LDRD Final Report 94-ERI-004

Responding to a need to include realistic chemistry and ionization in the driven plasmas in plasma-aided manufacture, we became convinced that existing computational tools were not able to fulfill our requirements. In response to this, we invented an entirely new approach to such problems. Our approach is to generalize the capabilities of existing methods: Particle-In-Cell (PIC) contains the required details of the distributions but becomes overwhelming expensive when applied to realistic, multidimensional problems. The common alternative, the hydrodynamic model, has simply lost the ability to model this science because of the simple fluid assumption. Our solution, GAPH (for Grid and Particle Hydrodynamics), retains the kinetic capabilities of PIC while using fluid concepts within each particle to control the incredible expense. The coupling of these two methods has resulted in a very powerful new algorithm that is now being applied to a range of programmatic problems throughout LLNL that now far outstrips the initial applications area

Towards Agent-Based Traffic Simulation Using Live Data from Sensors for Smart Cities

The Smart City and Internet-of-Things revolutions enable the collection of various types of data in real-time through sensors. This data can be used to improve the decision tools and simulations used by city planners. This paper presents a new framework for real-time traffic simulation integrating an agent-based methodology with live CCTV and other sensor data while respecting the privacy regulations. The framework simulates traffic flows of pedestrians, vehicles and bicycles and their interactions. The approach has been applied in Liverpool (NSW, Australia) showing promising preliminary results and can easily ingest additional sensor data, e.g. air quality