The loyal dissident: N.A. Bernstein and the double-edged sword of Stalinism

Nikolai Aleksandrovich Bernstein (1896-1966) studied movement in order to understand the brain. Contra Pavlov, he saw movements (thus, the brain) as coordinated. For Bernstein, the cortex was a stochastic device; the more cortexes an animal species has, the more variable its actions will be. Actions are planned with a stochastic "model of the future," and relevance is established through blind mathematical search. In the 1950 neoPavlovian affair, he came under strong attack and had to stop experimenting. It is argued that the consistency of his work derived both from both dialectical materialism and the relentless attacks of the neoPavlovians. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Movpe Growth and Properties of Gap Using Nitrogen Bridged Adduct

Amongst the new precursors for the III component in MOVPE there are numerous nitrogen containing compounds. Using those compounds, besides the electrical and optical quality of the grown material, the question of incorporation of nitrogen arises. We present the results of GaP growth with the TMGa-TMN adduct. Photoluminscence at 2 K clearly detects nitrogen as a substitutional dopant. Considering the luminescence features the nitrogen concentration was estimated to be about 10(16)-10(17) cm-3. The residual carrier concentration of the layers is in the range of 10(15) cm-3. No oxygen-related emission was observed. A discussion of the growth and the properties of the material is given