Study of fertility and cytogenetic variability in androgenic plants (R0 and R1) of alloplasmic introgression lines of common wheat

Anther culture is one of the methods to obtain DH lines of wheat. A limitation of this method can be cytogenetic instability in plants R0, leading to a decrease in fertility or sterility. In this study, we have investigated the fertility of R0, the fertility and cytogenetic variability of R1 in alloplasmatic introgression lines of common wheat in order to develop a cytogenetically stable DH lines with introgressions from different species. Lines 311/134, 311/FL, 311/IR with the cytoplasm from H. vulgare were studied. 311/134 carries the wheat-rye 1RS.1BL and wheatwheatgrass 7DL-7Ai translocations; 311/FL has the 1RS.1BL translocation and probably introgressions from A. glaucum; and 311/IR has the wheat-rye 1RS.1BL and wheat-Ae. speltoides T2B/2S#2 translocations. Green seedlings developed in anther culture for all lines. Differences between the lines in the ability for androgenesis and in the level of fertility in R0 and R1 have been revealed. Depressed androgenesis, low fertility and high aneuploidy were observed in 311/IR. It has been proposed that the reason for this is cytogenetic instability in gametes, which is caused by Gc genes located on T2B/2S#2. 63.3 % of 311/134 and 311/FL R1 plants that were grown from low seed-set R0 plants were aneuploids. Fertile R0 regenerant plants were identified that segregated in R1 for fertility and chromosome numbers. It has been demonstrated that DH lines are best developed from highfertility R1 plants with 2n = 42 irrespective of fertility in R0

Alloplasmic recombinant lines (H. vulgare)-T. aestivum with 1RS.1BL translocation: initial genotypes for production of common wheat varieties

Alloplasmic lines are formed when the cytoplasm of one species is replaced by the cytoplasm of another as a result of repeated recurrent crosses of wide hybrids with the paternal genotype. Since the cytoplasm replacement results in new intergenomic interactions between a nucleus and cytoplasm leading to variability of plant characteristics, alloplasmic lines with restored fertility can be an additional source of biodiversity of cultivated plants. Earlier, recombinant alloplasmic lines (H. vulgare)-T. aestivum designated as L-17(1)–L-17(37) were formed from a plant with partially restored fertility of the BC3 generation of barley-wheat hybrid H. vulgare (cv. Nepolegayushchii) × T. aestivum (cv. Saratovskaya 29). This male-sterile hybrid was consistently backcrossed with wheat varieties Mironovskaya 808 (twice) and Saratovskaya 29, and Mironovskaya 808 had a positive impact on the restoration of fertility. This paper presents the results of investigation into a group of recombinant alloplasmic lines (L-17F4), as well as into doubled haploids (DH) lines – alloplasmic DH-17-lines obtained from anther culture of alloplasmic lines (L-17F2). The most productive of these lines were used as initial breeding genotypes. Hybrid form Lutescens 311/00-22 developed from the crossing of the alloplasmic DH(1)-17 line (as maternal genotype) with euplasmic line Com37 (CIMMYT), the source of the 1RS.1BL wheat-rye translocation, proved to be successful for breeding. The presence of the 1RS.1BL translocation in the genome of the Lutescens 311/00-22 form and the L-311(1)–L-311(6) alloplasmic lines isolated from it did not lead to a decrease of fertility or sterility in the plants. This indicates that the chromosome of the 1BS wheat does not carry the gene(s) that determine the restoration of fertility in the studied (H. vulgare)-T. aestivum alloplasmic lines. Alloplasmic lines L-311(1)–L-311(6) showed their advantage in comparison with the standard varieties for resistance to leaf and stem rust, yield, and grain quality. The breeding tests performed at Omsk Agricultural Scientific Center, Agrocomplex “Kurgansemena”, Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Ishimskoe” (Tyumen Region), using alloplasmic lines L-311(5), L-311(4) and L-311(6) resulted in varieties of spring common wheat Sigma, Uralosibirskaya 2 and Ishimskaya 11, respectively

FEATURES OF ANDROGENESIS IN ANTHER CULTURES OF VARIETIES AND A PROMISING ACCESSION OF SPRING COMMON WHEAT BRED IN WEST SIBERIA DIFFERING IN THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF WHEAT-ALIEN TRANSLOCATIONS

Androgenesis has been studied in anther cultures of eight cultivars and one promising accession of spring common wheat raised in West Siberia (Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture, Omsk, Russia). The varieties are close in origin but vary in the presence or absence of wheat-alien translocations (wheat–rye 1RS.1BL and wheat–couch grass 7DL-7Ai). The promising accession L-311/00-22 bears the 1RS.1BL translocation and the cytoplasm of cultivated barley Hordeum vulgare L. The main task of the study is to assess the possibility of obtaining dihaploid lines in the genotypes examined bearing wheat-alien translocations. It has been found that different accessions respond differently to anther culture conditions depending on the concentration of 2,4-D in the initial medium. Accession L-311/00-22 is best for androgenesis experiments and raise of dihaploid lines. The dependence of the effect of the genotypic environment of wheat on the effect of wheat-alien translocation on androgenesis features, is discussed

ANDROGENESIS ABILITY IN COMMON WHEAT EUPLASMIC LINES AND ALLOPLASMIC RECOMBINANT LINES (H. VULGARE)-T. AESTIVUM POSSESSING 1RS.1BL AND 7DL-7AI TRANSLOCATIONS AND PRODUCTION OF DOUBLE HAPLOID LINES

Androgenesis ability was studied in anther cultures of euplasmic lines of common wheat and alloplasmic recombinant lines (H. vulgare)-T. aestivum with 1RS.1BL and 7DL-7Ai translocations. The ability to produce androgenic structures and plantlet regeneration are suppressed in lines carrying both translocations. Alloplasmic recombinant lines (H. vulgare)-T. aestivum with 1RS.1BL and 7DL-7Ai translocations, as well as alloplasmic lines with 1RS.1BL translocation, are characterized by increased ability to create androgenic structures, including polyembryos, and plantlet regeneration as compared to euplasmic lines. The inducing reciprocal influence of barley cytoplasm and rye chromosome 1RS on the androgenesis ability of lines (H. vulgare)-T. aestivum with 1RS.1BL and 7DL-7Ai translocations is discussed. Double haploid lines were developed from androgenic plants with spontaneously doubled chromosome numbers and restored fertility. Of the lines carrying the translocations, the most promising with regard to the manifestation of commercially valuable traits and resistance to diseases were selected in order to utilize them in breeding programs

EFFECT OF CERTAIN CHROMOSOME REGIONS OF TRITICUM TIMOPHEEVII ON THE FORMATION OF PEST RESISTANCE AND QUANTITATIVE TRAITS IN COMMON WHEAT

The effects of introgression fragments from Triticum timopheevii Zhuk. (2n = 28, AtAtGG) and their combinations on resistance to leaf rust, stem rust, powdery mildew, and some quantitative traits were assessed in 15 common wheat introgression lines. Molecular and cytological analyses of the lines demonstrated an advantage of combined use of various marker types in comprehensive characterization of hybrids and detection of translocations and substitutions. Resistance tests to various fungal diseases showed that the lines containing introgression fragments of chromosome 5G were completely resistant to the West Siberian populations of leaf rust and to the stem rust population of the Omsk region. Lines 3862-5 and 3862-15, containing a fragment of the long arm of chromosome 2G, were resistant to West Siberian stem rust populations. No negative effects of the alien genetic material on yield and other quantitative traits were noted. In addition, positive effect of the 2G chromosome fragments of Triticum timopheevii on ear grain number was established. Thus, the introgression lines can be used in breeding programs as donors of resistance genes to fungal diseases

EXAMINATION OF ADAPTIVE AND AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS IN LINES OF COMMON WHEAT OMSKAYA 37 BEARING TRANSLOCATIONS 1RS.1BL AND 7DL-7Ai

Lines derived from spring bread wheat Omskaya 37 and possessing wheat-rye translocation 1RS.1BL have been studied and tested for resistance to fungal pathogens, drought, crop yield, and parameters characterizing ecological plasticity and stability. Three lines have been studied with the use of the C-banding technique. It is shown that these lines, in addition to wheat-rye translocation 1RS.1BL possess wheat-wheatgrass translocation 7DL-7Ai, where a segment of chromosome 7Ai of Agropyron elongatum (= Thinopyrum elongatum ; = Thinopyrum ponticum) is translocated to the long arm of wheat chromosome 7D. It is concluded that the complex stability of Omskaya 37 and its promising lines is related to the influence of a cluster of genes located on segments of rye and Agropyron chromosomes involved in the respective wheat–alien translocations. Several promising lines are recommended for further use in breeding programs. One of the lines we consider here, Lutescens 242/97-2-10, is submitted to state variety trial for registration as spring wheat variety Omskaya 41