11 research outputs found
Factors Influencing Attitudes Towards Stigmatization and Discrimination Amongst People Living with HIV/AIDS
This research study was designed to explore stigmatization and Discrimination of people
living with HIV/AIDS. The study employed the descriptive survey of By means of a self 116
participants. A research questionnaire elicit~d information on demography and stigmatization
and discrimination amongst the people living with HIVIAIDS and the general population. Two
hypotheses were formulated and tested The re.sult confirmed a significant combined contribution
of family and workplace attitude, towards people living with HIV/AIDS. (r == .408, r2 == .166; F r2.
IIJJ == 11.261; p < 0.005). The second hypothesis showed that there is no significant difference
between male and female respondents in their workplace attitude towards people living with
HIV/AIDS (t == J.200, df== 114, p > 0.05, one-tailed). The study concludes that the society should
be encouraged to have a change of attitude towardl' (!C'O(! /e ! i l · i n r: 1\'ifh H!f/!1 rns F l l l f l ( l l l n ·
support and care should be demonstrated to victims of H1V/AIDS in place of stigmatization and
discriminatio
Utilization of nanochitosan in the sterilization of ponds and water treatment for aquaculture
Water pollution constitutes the leading cause of infant mortality,
neonatal deformities, and shrinkage of man’s average life expectancy.
Pollutants come from point and nonpoint sources; and water pollution
arises from the discharge of wastewater containing undesirable
impurities used for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes.
More so, high nutrient and wastewater runoffs from fish production
systems contribute to the fouling and eutrophication of recipient water
bodies. Hence, aquaculture which is inextricably linked to the natural
environment is challenged by the dearth of appropriate water quantity
and quality, militating against fish, and fishery production.
Nanochitosans as polysaccharides produced by the alkalescent
deacetylation of chitin, comprise a series of 2-deoxy-2 (acetylamino)
glucose linked by Ăź-(1-4) glycosidic linkages. They are naturally
formed from the deacetylation of shellfish shells and exoskeletons of
aquatic arthropods and crustaceans. The unique attributes of chitin
confer a wide range of biotechnological applications on the polymer,
observed in flocculation as a wastewater treatment and purification
route initiated by chitosan. This chapter highlights nanochitosan
properties of aquaculture relevance; and elucidates the purification
potentials of nanochitosan, compared to inorganic coagulants and
organic polymeric flocculants. Effects of chitosan on contaminants and
microorganisms, as well as applications in fish pathogens detection,
fish disease diagnosis, and control are discussed
Risk factors associated with short-term complications in mandibular fractures: the MANTRA study—a Maxillofacial Trainee Research Collaborative (MTReC)
Abstract
Introduction
Complications following mandibular fractures occur in 9–23% of patients. Identifying those at risk is key to prevention. Previous studies highlighted smoking, age and time from injury to presentation as risk factors but rarely recorded other possible confounders. In this paper, we use a collaborative snapshot audit to document novel risk factors and confirm established risks for complications following the treatment of mandibular fractures.
Methods
The audit was carried out by 122 OMFS trainees across the UK and Ireland (49 centres) over 6Â months, coordinated by the Maxillofacial Surgery Trainees Research Collaborative. Variables recorded included basic demography, medical and social history, injury mechanism and type, management and 30-day outcome.
Results
Nine hundred and forty-seven (947) patients with fractured mandibles were recorded. Surgical management was carried out in 76.3%. Complications at 30Â days occurred 65 (9%) of those who were managed surgically. Risk factors for complications included male sex, increasing age, any medical history, increasing number of cigarettes smoked per week, increasing alcohol use per week, worse oral hygiene and increased time from injury to presentation.
Discussion
We have used a large prospective snapshot audit to confirm established risk factors and identify novel risk factors. We demonstrate that time from injury to presentation is confounded by other indicators of poor health behaviour. These results are important in designing trial protocols for management of mandibular fractures and in targeting health interventions to patients at highest risk of complications.
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Omics-based molecular techniques in oral pathology centred cancer: Prospect and challenges in Africa
: The completion of the human genome project and the accomplished milestones in the human
proteome project; as well as the progress made so far in computational bioinformatics and “big data” processing have
contributed immensely to individualized/personalized medicine in the developed world.At the dawn of precision medicine, various omics-based therapies and bioengineering can now be
applied accurately for the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and risk stratifcation of cancer in a manner that was
hitherto not thought possible. The widespread introduction of genomics and other omics-based approaches into
the postgraduate training curriculum of diverse medical and dental specialties, including pathology has improved
the profciency of practitioners in the use of novel molecular signatures in patient management. In addition, intricate
details about disease disparity among diferent human populations are beginning to emerge. This would facilitate the
use of tailor-made novel theranostic methods based on emerging molecular evidences