Практичний досвід і перспективи у вирішенні проблеми комплексного використання кісткової сировини на підприємствах м’ясної галузі

The article analyzes the complex of processing of bone raw materials in the production. The project of complex processing of recycled raw materials of meat processing enterprises is offered. It was recommended and substantiated promising directions for the recycling of raw materials for the production of bone flour, bone food animal fats and dry bouillon concentrate. The problems of rational use of recycled resources are shown on the example of processing of raw bones using the lines Y8-FLK for shredding, transportation, fat separation, drying and grinding of the finished product. Products of bone processing on the lines of Y8-FLK – edible bone fat and bone flour. The production of concentrated bone broth is carried out in K7-FV3-B machines, which provide for the continuous removal of fat and broth. The drying of the broth is provided in the drying plant A1-FMU with the use of the process in the vibro-boiling layer of inert material from fluoroplastic cubes. Drying in this way allows to get an animal protein that retains all the nutritional qualities. The dry protein was mixed with flavored fat, dried chopped vegetables and spices. The main factor in the amount of removal of protein components from the bones is the type of raw material – raw bone or bone residue after mechanical admission by pressing. The maximum removal of the protein components was obtained using a bone remnant after mechanical supplementation. Аccording to the project, proposed on the 1st floor of the annex was provided department for the receiving of dry bone, production of bone meal and its storage, on the II-th – a division of bulging of bone fats, on the III-th – a branch of drying broth, the preparation of dry broth with spices, cleansing of bone fat. The project provides for the processing of bone raw materials in the amount of 8 t/s. The technology of processing bone raw materials was carried out as follows: on the lines of Y8-FLK, also – lumbar bones (skull bones, shoulder blades, femur bones), ribbones, vertebrae – 6 t/s., in machines K7-FV3-B – tubular bones and fists (2 t/s). The project allows solving the problem of complex bone processing: production of bone fat, bone meal, dry bouillon.У статті проведено аналіз комплексної переробки кісткової сировини на виробництві. Запропоновано проект комплексної переробки вторинної сировини м’ясопереробних підприємств. Рекомендовані та обґрунтовані перспективні напрямки переробки вторинної сировини з виробництва кісткового борошна, кісткових харчових тваринних жирів, сухого бульйонного концентрату. Проблеми раціонального використання вторинних ресурсів показано на прикладі переробки сирих кісток із використанням ліній Я8-ФЛК для подрібнення транспортування, жировідділення, сушіння і подрібнення готового продукту. Продукти переробки кісток на  лініях Я8-ФЛК – харчовий кістковий жир і кісткове кормове борошно. Отримання концентрованого кісткового бульйону здійснено в апаратах К7-ФВ3-В, які передбачають безперервне відведення жиру і бульйону. Сушіння бульйону передбачено у сушильній установці А1–ФМУ із застосуванням процесу у віброкип’ячому шарі інертного матеріалу із фторопластових кубиків. Сушіння таким способом дозволяє отримати тваринний білок, який зберігає всі харчові якості. Сухий білок змішували із ароматизованим жиром, сухими подрібненими овочами і спеціями. Основним фактором кількості видалення білкових компонентів із кісток є вид вихідної сировини – сира кістка або кістковий залишок після механічного дообвалення методом пресування. Максимальне вилучення білкових компонентів одержали при використанні кісткового залишку після механічного дообваленн

Selective Uncoupling of Individual Mitochondria within a Cell Using a Mitochondria-Targeted Photoactivated Protonophore

Depolarization of an individual mitochondrion or small clusters of mitochondria within cells has been achieved using a photoactivatable probe. The probe is targeted to the matrix of the mitochondrion by an alkyltriphenylphosphonium lipophilic cation and releases the protonophore 2,4-dinitrophenol locally in predetermined regions in response to directed irradiation with UV light via a local photolysis system. This also provides a proof of principle for the general temporally and spatially controlled release of bioactive molecules, pharmacophores, or toxins to mitochondria with tissue, cell, or mitochondrion specificity

Production of Cultural Policy in Russia : Authority and Intellectual Leadership

The paper discusses different frameworks of knowledge production within the discourses and practices of Russian cultural policy. Russian cultural policy as an administrative sector has been developed in line with two distinctive governmental regimes, more precisely during the period of liberal decentralisation of the 1990s and the conservative centralisation from 2011 up until today. The study focuses on the main changes that have occurred in the framework of policy design and participation in policy-making. An attempt is made to combine Foucauldian analytical frameworks of power and discourse with a Gramscian hegemonic approach to political studies that was mainly advocated by the Essex scholars—Ernesto Laclau, Chantal Mouffe and David Howarth. Such a perspective opens up a possibility of considering the institutional rearrangements of intellectual leadership through which the post-2012 establishment has endeavoured to advance its sovereignty and planning capacities in both the symbolic and normative dimension of culture. Thus examined, Russian state cultural policy turns out to be intrinsically subordinated to the sovereignty of the presidential apparatus that privileges the conservative stance of the ‘Russian World’ project and neglects human rights and cultural diversity.peerReviewe

Spectral dependence of absorption photoinduced in a Bi12TiO20 crystal by 532-nm laser pulses

The spectral dependences of absorption photoinduced in a pure bismuth titanium oxide crystal by 532-nm laser pulses are studied. It is shown that optical absorption in the crystal in the range from 492 to 840 nm increases with increasing exposure. The photoinduced absorption relaxes in the dark for more than 60 hours. A model of photoinduced absorption is proposed which assumes the population of two trap centres with the normal energy distribution law for the concentrations of electrons photoexcited from donors to the conduction band. This model well describes the spectral dependences of photoinduced absorption by using the average ionisation energies of the traps E1=1:60eV and E2=2:57eV. The model is used to estimate the increase in the photorefractive sensitivity of a bismuth titanium oxide crystal in the near IR region, which was earlier observed after exposing the crystal to visible radiation. It is predicted that the speed of response of dynamic holography devices based on BTO crystals exposed to green light can be increased