28,351 research outputs found
From Korngold to the Movies: Korngold\u27s Influence on Film Scores
During the 1920s, a new cultural movement called Neue Sachlichkeit (or New Objectivity) was developing in Germany and Austria. During the rise of Nazi Germany, the Neue Sachlichkeit movement protested by bringing back elements of the Romantic era in art, literature and music. One of the most recognizable composers of this time was Erich Wolfgang Korngold (1897 – 1957). Today’s listeners often hear Korngold’s concert works as being very similar to contemporary film scores; but in reality, Korngold wrote in his very distinctive harmonic and melodic style from the beginning of his career, before film scores came to be, and before he himself turned to film composition. In a word, then: Korngold’s music does not sound like a film score, but rather, film scores sound like Korngold
NADPH oxidase as a therapeutic target in Alzheimer\u27s disease
At present, available treatments for Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD) are largely unable to halt disease progression. Microglia, the resident macrophages in the brain, are strongly implicated in the pathology and progressively degenerative nature of AD. Specifically, microglia are activated in response to both β amyloid (Aβ) and neuronal damage, and can become a chronic source of neurotoxic cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS). NADPH oxidase is a multi-subunit enzyme complex responsible for the production of both extracellular and intracellular ROS by microglia. Importantly, NADPH oxidase expression is upregulated in AD and is an essential component of microglia-mediated Aβ neurotoxicity. Activation of microglial NADPH oxidase causes neurotoxicity through two mechanisms: 1) extracellular ROS produced by microglia are directly toxic to neurons; 2) intracellular ROS function as a signaling mechanism in microglia to amplify the production of several pro-inflammatory and neurotoxic cytokines (for example, tumor necrosis factor-α, prostaglandin E2, and interleukin-1β). The following review describes how targeting NADPH oxidase can reduce a broad spectrum of toxic factors (for example, cytokines, ROS, and reactive nitrogen species) to result in inhibition of neuronal damage from two triggers of deleterious microglial activation (Aβ and neuron damage), offering hope in halting the progression of AD
Trends in South-South Cooperation
South-South Cooperation (SSC) is being impacted by the emergence of economic behemoths?India, Brazil, China and South Africa. In 2006 alone, about US$3 billion in development assistance came from Southern contributors (Johnson, Versailles and Martin, 2008). What comes next? What are the trends and pressing demands in SSC?Trends in South-South Cooperation
Threshold Relationships among Inflation, Financial Market Development and Growth
This paper tests for and estimates non-dynamic panel threshold relationships among inflation, financial market development and growth, where the relationship changes once a threshold level of inflation is reached. Robust statistical support of a single threshold value of inflation (about 14%) is found for this trivariate relationship. A strong positive relationship between growth and financial market development occurs before the threshold, and a strong negative relationship between growth and inflation occurs after the threshold. When an interaction variable between inflation and financial market development is introduced, the relationship between growth and inflation is significantly negative only before the threshold.thresholds; growth; financial markets; inflation; panel methods
Non-linear Threshold Relationships between Inflation and Nominal Returns: A Time Series Approach to 39 Different Countries
A linear null relationship between nominal returns and inflation is tested against threshold alternatives using quarterly and monthly data for 39 different countries. These threshold alternatives and the linear nulls are then estimated to unover the nature of linear and threshold relationships between nominal returns and inflation.financial market, inflation, linear model
Chromatic quasisymmetric functions
We introduce a quasisymmetric refinement of Stanley's chromatic symmetric
function. We derive refinements of both Gasharov's Schur-basis expansion of the
chromatic symmetric function and Chow's expansion in Gessel's basis of
fundamental quasisymmetric functions. We present a conjectural refinement of
Stanley's power sum basis expansion, which we prove in special cases. We
describe connections between the chromatic quasisymmetric function and both the
-Eulerian polynomials introduced in our earlier work and, conjecturally,
representations of symmetric groups on cohomology of regular semisimple
Hessenberg varieties, which have been studied by Tymoczko and others. We
discuss an approach, using the results and conjectures herein, to the
-positivity conjecture of Stanley and Stembridge for incomparability graphs
of -free posets.Comment: 57 pages; final version, to appear in Advances in Mat
Eulerian quasisymmetric functions
We introduce a family of quasisymmetric functions called {\em Eulerian
quasisymmetric functions}, which specialize to enumerators for the joint
distribution of the permutation statistics, major index and excedance number on
permutations of fixed cycle type. This family is analogous to a family of
quasisymmetric functions that Gessel and Reutenauer used to study the joint
distribution of major index and descent number on permutations of fixed cycle
type. Our central result is a formula for the generating function for the
Eulerian quasisymmetric functions, which specializes to a new and surprising
-analog of a classical formula of Euler for the exponential generating
function of the Eulerian polynomials. This -analog computes the joint
distribution of excedance number and major index, the only of the four
important Euler-Mahonian distributions that had not yet been computed. Our
study of the Eulerian quasisymmetric functions also yields results that include
the descent statistic and refine results of Gessel and Reutenauer. We also
obtain -analogs, -analogs and quasisymmetric function analogs of
classical results on the symmetry and unimodality of the Eulerian polynomials.
Our Eulerian quasisymmetric functions refine symmetric functions that have
occurred in various representation theoretic and enumerative contexts including
MacMahon's study of multiset derangements, work of Procesi and Stanley on toric
varieties of Coxeter complexes, Stanley's work on chromatic symmetric
functions, and the work of the authors on the homology of a certain poset
introduced by Bj\"orner and Welker.Comment: Final version; to appear in Advances in Mathematics; 52 pages; this
paper was originally part of the longer paper arXiv:0805.2416v1, which has
been split into three paper
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