Green consumer segmentation: managerial and environmental implications from the perspective of business strategies and practices

With the new millennium, environmental concern entered a new phase, with stricter governmental regulations and incentives. Currently, within environmental issues, there is a broader challenge to commitment with economic and social goals. This is motivating companies and organizations to participate in transformation processes with the aim of minimizing the negative impacts of their activities. Within this context, new business philosophies, emerged empowering organizations to consider sustainability issues that have come to be viewed as an innovative and differentiating factor, providing competitive advantages (Fraj-Andres, MartinezSalinas, & Matute-Vallejo. Journal of Business Ethics, 88,263-286, 2009; Leipziger. The corporate responsibility code book. Greenleaf Publishing Limited, 2016; Leipziger. The corporate responsibility code book. Greenleaf Publishing Limited, 2016). Therefore, organizations have begun incorporating these concerns in their processes, adopting green management policies, and including green marketing strategies in order to remain competitive (Straughan & Roberts. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 16(6), 558-575, 1999; Rivera-Camino. European Journal of Marketing, 41, 1328-1358, 2007). From the marketing perspective, the importance of understanding green consumer behaviour in order to develop better segmentation and targeting strategies is highlighted. Green consumers are changing significantly. Consumers, although with some reluctance, are moving to greener products. The Mintel organization reported that the number of consumers buying green has tripled in recent years. Furthermore, it found that the number of consumers that never bought green products have decreased. These results show that widespread environmental awareness had an important role in purchasing behaviour, with more consumers considering the environmental impact of their buying decisions and looking for a greener alternative to their conventional purchasing options. The existing literature suggests that previous research regarding the green consumer profile has different perspectives. The first group of researchers attempted to characterize green consumer profile using sociodemographic variables such as age, gender, education, income and occupation. In tum, the second group of researchers used psychographic variables instead of sociodemographic ones (Mainieri, Barnett, Valdero, Unipan, & Oskamp. Journal of Social Psychology, 137(2), 189-204, 1997). This chapter aims to better explore the importance of green consumer segmentation and its implications from a management point of view. More specifically, the aim is to analyze which variables better characterize green consumers (sociodemographic and psychographic). At the end, a theoretical framework is proposed to enable and support organizations to better understand green consumer profile. It also enables managers and marketers to target and develop better marketing strategies for these segments.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

GLOBEC special issue

A simple, 3-D biogeochemical model is coupled to a dynamical model forced by weekly winds deduced from ERS1 scatterometer data, to simulate new production in the equation Pacific from April 1992 to June 1995. The biogeochemistry is modelled as a nitrate sink modulated by chlorophyll, using nitrate/chlorophyll regressions derived from field data. The first simulation was carried out assuming that remineralization below the euphotic layer is totally controlled by sinking particles. In the second simulation, it is shown that the simulation of nitrate and new production by the biogeochemical model is improved, in comparison with field data, by adding an explicit dissolved organic nitrogen compartment. In the equatorial band, the model simulates a nitrate-poor region (low new production) in the fresh warm pool separated from richer waters of the upwelling region by a salinity front. The zonal displacement of this salinity/nitrate front is associated with the El-Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The modeled new production and physics, both in good agreement with the field data, represent useful tools for the study of skipjack tuna (#Katsuwonus pelamis$) forage distribution in the Pacific. (Résumé d'auteur

Tidal cycle control of biogeochemical and ecological properties of a macrotidal ecosystem

In some regions, tidal energy can be a key factor in the generation of variability in physical and biogeochemical properties throughout the water column. We use a numerical model resolving tidal cycles and simulating diversity in phytoplankton to assess the impact of tidal mixing on vertical stability and phytoplankton community (total biomass and diversity) in a macrotidal sea (Iroise Sea, France). Two different time scales have been considered: semidiurnal and spring/neap tidal cycles. Our results show that the latter is the one primarily influencing the phytoplankton growth conditions by modifying the vertical stratification. During spring tide, the growth is rather light limited, whereas neap tide conditions lead to vertical stabilization and better light conditions in the shallow surface layer. The transition from high to low tidal mixing conditions is thus associated with a total phytoplankton biomass increase (caused by the rapid development of fast-growing diatoms) and reduced phytoplankton diversity

Indo-French Centre for Environmental Research(IFCER)/Centre Franco-Indien De Recherche Sur L'Environnement (CEFIRE)13; A Status Report

Prof. Claude Allegre, the then French Minister for National Education, Research and Technology, during his visit to India in 1997 had suggested the setting up of collaborative projects and eventually joint Indo-French research cells in several areas, including information technology and computer simulations . The strategy for rapidly creating a Joint Research Laboratory in India can consist of opening an Indo-French cell within an existing Indian Centre, making it grow with a specific programme and if necessary, in multiplying it to create several independent laboratories, or even with a central unit managing dependent units working on different themes . The programme includes research projects, seminars, exchanges of doctoral and post-doctoral fellows and exchange of teaching faculty and scientists . Following this India and France had decided to set up five such laboratories to promote cooperation in fundamental and applied research . The areas identified for joint research were water resource management and technology, information technology, mathematical modelling and laser physics

Influence de la formation de bulles creees par le deferlement sur le transfert de masse a l'interface air-eau

SIGLEAvailable from CEN Saclay, Service de Documentation, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex (France) / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

The influence of technology on food related lifestyles: A cross-cultural comparison

The research reported in this paper is based on the modular food-related lifestyle instrument (MFRLi), a recent revision of the food-related lifestyle (FRLi) instrument first designed by Brunso and Grunert (1995). The FRLi has been used extensively by food researchers to provide stable results and identify cross-cultural segments (uninvolved, conservative, careless, rational, and adventurous food segments), however it does not take into account changes that have occurred in the modern food environment and hence its measures may be less relevant in today’s setting. The revised MFRLi was developed through utilising banks of items based on recent literature and market research to incorporate contemporary issues related to food. The resulting instrument comprises three core dimensions (involvement with food, innovation with food, and responsibility with food) as well as various modules associated with aspects of the food consumption process (planning and shopping, product quality aspects, transport and storage, preparation, serving and consumption, post-consumption) (Birch, Brunso, Grunert, & Memery, 2017). The MFRLi includes a module on the influence of advancing technology on decision-making around food and eating, which is the focus of this paper. Based on consumer samples from six countries - Denmark, Hungary, Australia, USA, United Kingdom and New Zealand - this study provides a cross-cultural comparison of these countries on the scales in the MFRLi used to explore how technology (for example the Internet, online shopping, social media and blogs, mobile apps and wearable technology) influences food-related lifestyles

GLOBEC special issue

Skipjack tuna (#Katsuwonus pelamis$) contributes approximately to 70% of the total tuna catch in the Pacific Ocean. This species occurs in the upper mixed-layer throughout the equatorial region, but the largest catches are taken from the warmpool in the Western equatorial Pacific. Analysis of catch and effort data for US purse seine fisheries in the Western Pacific has demonstrated that one of the most successful fishing grounds is located in the vicinity of a convergence zone between the warm (greater than 28-29° C) low-salinity water of the warmpool and the cold saline water of equatorial upwelling in the central Pacific (Lehodey et al, 1997). This zone of convergence, identified by a well-marked salinity front and approximated by the 28.5° C isotherm, oscillates zonally over several thousands of km in correlation with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. The present study focuses on the prediction of skipjack tuna forage that is expected to be a major factor in explaining the basin-scale distribution of the stock. It could also explain the close relation between displacements of skipjack tuna and the convergence zone on the eastern edge of the warmpool. A simple bio-geochemical model was coupled with a general circulation model, allowing reasonable predictions of new primary production in the equatorial Pacific from mid-1992 to mid-1995. The biological transfer of this production toward tuna forage was simply parameterized according to the food chain length and redistributed by the currents using the circulation model. Tuna forage accumulated in the convergence zone of the horizontal currents, which corresponds to the warmpool/equatorial upwelling boundary. Predicted forage maxima corresponded well with high catch rates. (Résumé d'auteur