16 research outputs found
Tuberculous lesions in pigs in the Czech Republic in the years 1990-1999
In the Czech Republic, bovine tuberculosis in cattle was controlled in 1968. The last outbreak was diagnosed in cattle and domestic pigs in 1995. During the veterinary hygiene inspection of pigs slaughtered in slaughterhouses, however, tuberculous lesions were still being found above all in the head and intestinal lymph nodes. In the decade monitored a total of 45 873 318 pigs were slaughtered and examined according to veterinary hygiene standards. Apart from 1991, when results of tuberculous findings were not obtained, tuberculous lesions were found in 134 088 (0.32%) of the 41 458 565 pigs examined in the remaining nine years. During a detailed analysis of the pathological anatomical examination of 190 940 pigs slaughtered in one district, tuberculous lesions in lymph nodes were found in 4 107 (2.2%) pigs: mesenteric (65.3% pigs), submandibular (18.6% pigs), inguinal (0.1% pigs) and simultaneously intestinal and head lymph nodes (15.9% pigs). Miliary tuberculosis was found only in the parenchymatous organs of four (0.1%) pigs. The following financial losses resulted: 6% for confiscating the head, intestines and stomach, and 22 to 24% for assessing meat as conditionally edible after processing, i.e. intended only for heat-processed products. Mycobacteria were isolated from 7 246 (41.8%) pigs through the cultivation of tissue samples from 17 326 pigs. Mycobacterium bovis was detected in only five (0.07%) animals which originated from the last outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in the Czech Republic in 1995. M. avium complex (MAC) isolates came from 6 870 (94.8%) animals: 55.7% M. a. avium isolates were mainly of serotypes 2 and 3 and genotype IS901+ and IS1245+ and 39.2% M. a. hominissuis isolates were mainly of serotypes 4, 8 and 9 and genotype IS901- and IS1245+. Conditionally pathogenic mycobacteria (M. chelonae, M. terrae, M. phlei and M. fortuitum) were isolated from 371 (5.1%) pigs. In the whole period monitored, two marked increases In the findings of tuberculous lesions were recorded: In the mid-1990s as a result of using deep bedding with wood shavings and at the end of the 1990s as a result of supplementing the pigsâ feed with peat
Mycobacterial contamination of environment in pig farms in the Czech Republic between 1996 and 2002
The purpose of this study was to find source of mycobacterial infections in pig farms. A total of 2 411 environmental samples (bedding materials, water, biofilm from pipelines, peat, etc.) were examined by microscopy and culture. Isolates were identified by serotyping and PCR. Mycobacteria were isolated from 579 (24.0%) samples. 47.0% isolates were Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis isolates (IS901-, IS1245+, serotypes 4, 6, 8, 9), 2.2% isolates were M. a. avium (IS901+, IS1245+, serotype 2) and 50.8% belong to atypical mycobacteria comprising of fifteen species. The frequent isolates were found in peat samples (213/65.1%) in which 81.2% isolates comprised M. a. hominissuis. High amount of mycobacteria were isolated from biofilm (36.4%) and water (29.6%). Alike peat, non-pathogenic species were predominant. The third sources of mycobacteria were bedding materials, mostly sawdust (43.6%). Presence of mycobacteria in the animalsâ environment leads to economic losses due to meat condemnation in abattoirs
Dynamic relationship of the epithelium and mesenchyme during salivary gland initiation: the role of Fgf10.
Peer reviewe
Organic residue analysis shows sub-regional patterns in the use of pottery by Northern European hunterâgatherers
The introduction of pottery vessels to Europe has long been seen as closely linked with the spread of agriculture and pastoralism from the Near East. The adoption of pottery technology by hunterâgatherers in Northern and Eastern Europe does not fit this paradigm, and its role within these communities is so far unresolved. To investigate the motivations for hunterâgatherer pottery use, here, we present the systematic analysis of the contents of 528 early vessels from the Baltic Sea region, mostly dating to the late 6thâ5th millennium cal BC, using molecular and isotopic characterization techniques. The results demonstrate clear sub-regional trends in the use of ceramics by hunterâgatherers; aquatic resources in the Eastern Baltic, non-ruminant animal fats in the Southeastern Baltic, and a more variable use, including ruminant animal products, in the Western Baltic, potentially including dairy. We found surprisingly little evidence for the use of ceramics for non-culinary activities, such as the production of resins. We attribute the emergence of these subregional cuisines to the diffusion of new culinary ideas afforded by the adoption of pottery, e.g. cooking and combining foods, but culturally contextualized and influenced by traditional practices
Caracterização histolĂłgica e imuno-histoquĂmica das lesĂ”es de tuberculose em bovinos e de linfadenite granulomatosa em suĂnos
Mycobacterium sp. induz inflamação granuloma-tosa em diferentes espĂ©cies animais. Mycobacterium bovis e o complexo Mycobacterium avium sĂŁo importantes patĂłgenos de bovinos e suĂnos e podem causar infecção em humanos, principalmente imunossuprimidos. Perdas na produção, barreiras comerciais e prejuĂzos por condenação de carcaças em abatedouro/frigorĂfico estĂŁo atrelados Ă ocorrĂȘncia dessas infecçÔes, com prejuĂzos econĂŽmicos significativos. Foi realizado um estudo de casos diagnosticados como tuberculose em bovinos e linfadenite granulomatosa em suĂnos no Setor de Patologia VeterinĂĄria da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS) no perĂodo de janeiro de 2007 a dezembro de 2011. Dados referentes Ă raça, ao sexo, Ă idade e ao histĂłrico clĂnico foram compilados dos livros de registro e analisados. As caracterĂsticas histolĂłgicas das lesĂ”es em linfonodos e pulmĂ”es foram avaliadas em Hematoxilina-Eosina, com predomĂnio de cĂ©lulas gigantes nas lesĂ”es de tuberculose bovina e de macrĂłfagos epitelioides em suĂnos. As tĂ©cnicas histoquĂmicas de Ziehl-Neelsen e TricrĂŽmico de Masson foram utilizadas para evidenciar, respectivamente, bacilos ĂĄlcool-ĂĄcido resistentes e tecido conjuntivo fibroso nas lesĂ”es. A tĂ©cnica de imuno-histoquĂmica foi utilizada em aproximadamente 30% dos casos estudados de cada espĂ©cie, selecionados aleatoriamente, para a caracterização do infiltrado linfocĂtico. Foram utilizados os anticorpos anti-CD3 para a marcação de linfĂłcitos T e anti-CD79αcy para a marcação de linfĂłcitos B. LinfĂłcitos T predominaram nas lesĂ”es em ambas as espĂ©cies, com diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as mĂ©dias dos linfĂłcitos T e linfĂłcitos B. Foi usado o teste t pareado, com t=5,501 (p<0,001) nas lesĂ”es dos bovinos e t=5,826 (p<0,001) para as lesĂ”es de linfadenite dos suĂnos. Adicionalmente foram marcados macrĂłfagos com o uso do anticorpo anti-CD68 para bovinos e anti-Lisozima para suĂnos. AlĂ©m desses, o anticorpo policlonal anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis foi utilizado para a detecção de bactĂ©rias do gĂȘnero Mycobacterium, com imunomarcação positiva em todos os casos e, nos casos dos suĂnos, houve marcação anti-Mycobacterium avium
Tuberculous lesions in pigs in the Czech Republic in the years 1990-1999
In the Czech Republic, bovine tuberculosis in cattle was controlled in 1968. The last outbreak was diagnosed in cattle and domestic pigs in 1995. During the veterinary hygiene inspection of pigs slaughtered in slaughterhouses, however, tuberculous lesions were still being found above all in the head and intestinal lymph nodes. In the decade monitored a total of 45 873 318 pigs were slaughtered and examined according to veterinary hygiene standards. Apart from 1991, when results of tuberculous findings were not obtained, tuberculous lesions were found in 134 088 (0.32%) of the 41 458 565 pigs examined in the remaining nine years. During a detailed analysis of the pathological anatomical examination of 190 940 pigs slaughtered in one district, tuberculous lesions in lymph nodes were found in 4 107 (2.2%) pigs: mesenteric (65.3% pigs), submandibular (18.6% pigs), inguinal (0.1% pigs) and simultaneously intestinal and head lymph nodes (15.9% pigs). Miliary tuberculosis was found only in the parenchymatous organs of four (0.1%) pigs. The following financial losses resulted: 6% for confiscating the head, intestines and stomach, and 22 to 24% for assessing meat as conditionally edible after processing, i.e. intended only for heat-processed products. Mycobacteria were isolated from 7 246 (41.8%) pigs through the cultivation of tissue samples from 17 326 pigs. Mycobacterium bovis was detected in only five (0.07%) animals which originated from the last outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in the Czech Republic in 1995. M. avium complex (MAC) isolates came from 6 870 (94.8%) animals: 55.7% M. a. avium isolates were mainly of serotypes 2 and 3 and genotype IS901+ and IS1245+ and 39.2% M. a. hominissuis isolates were mainly of serotypes 4, 8 and 9 and genotype IS901- and IS1245+. Conditionally pathogenic mycobacteria (M. chelonae, M. terrae, M. phlei and M. fortuitum) were isolated from 371 (5.1%) pigs. In the whole period monitored, two marked increases In the findings of tuberculous lesions were recorded: In the mid-1990s as a result of using deep bedding with wood shavings and at the end of the 1990s as a result of supplementing the pigsâ feed with peat.</p
Mycobacteria in the animalâs environment in the Czech Republic
The âatypical mycobacteria â are widely distributed in the natural environment and can produce infection in farm and wild animals bred in captivity. The objective of the study was to analyze the variety of mycobacterial species in the environment of breeding facilities, tanks and aquariums, as well as in samples of peat used as a feed supplement in the Czech Republic over the 2003-2004 period. A total of 1389 samples from environment were examined, collected from 29 sites throughout the Czech Republic. The samples were decontaminated and cultured at 25 °C and 37 °C in three culture media: Stonebrinkâs medium, Herroldâs egg yolk medium and Sulaâs medium. Mycobacterial isolates grown were identified by the PCR method and growth and biochemical tests. Of the 1389 environmental samples, mycobacteria were demonstrated by culture in 400 (28.8%) of them originating from different substances. In the samples of farm environment and in peat, mycobacteria were isolated in 185 of 1064 (17.4%) samples, and in 201 of 325 (61.8%) samples from aquarium and breeding tank environment. The results show significant difference between the findings from the stable environment (17.4%) and those from the aquarium environment (61.8%). A wide range of species was found in all constituents of the environment. The following species were most frequently isolated from the stable environment: M. avium (6.5%), M. fortuitum (3.2%), M. flavescens (3.2%), and the aquarium environment harboured most frequently M. fortuitum (13.9%), M. marinum (8.0%) and M. gordonae (4.5%). The results confirm the frequent occurrence of various mycobacterial species in the environment, predominantly in aquariums, some of which can produce infection in animals and in man following contact with the infected environment
Mycobacterial contamination of environment in pig farms in the Czech Republic between 1996 and 2002
The purpose of this study was to find source of mycobacterial infections in pig farms. A total of 2 411 environmental samples (bedding materials, water, biofilm from pipelines, peat, etc.) were examined by microscopy and culture. Isolates were identified by serotyping and PCR. Mycobacteria were isolated from 579 (24.0%) samples. 47.0% isolates were Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis isolates (IS901-, IS1245+, serotypes 4, 6, 8, 9), 2.2% isolates were M. a. avium (IS901+, IS1245+, serotype 2) and 50.8% belong to atypical mycobacteria comprising of fifteen species. The frequent isolates were found in peat samples (213/65.1%) in which 81.2% isolates comprised M. a. hominissuis. High amount of mycobacteria were isolated from biofilm (36.4%) and water (29.6%). Alike peat, non-pathogenic species were predominant. The third sources of mycobacteria were bedding materials, mostly sawdust (43.6%). Presence of mycobacteria in the animalsâ environment leads to economic losses due to meat condemnation in abattoirs.</p