Ten golden rules for optimal antibiotic use in hospital settings: the WARNING call to action

Antibiotics are recognized widely for their benefits when used appropriately. However, they are often used inappropriately despite the importance of responsible use within good clinical practice. Effective antibiotic treatment is an essential component of universal healthcare, and it is a global responsibility to ensure appropriate use. Currently, pharmaceutical companies have little incentive to develop new antibiotics due to scientific, regulatory, and financial barriers, further emphasizing the importance of appropriate antibiotic use. To address this issue, the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery established an international multidisciplinary task force of 295 experts from 115 countries with different backgrounds. The task force developed a position statement called WARNING (Worldwide Antimicrobial Resistance National/International Network Group) aimed at raising awareness of antimicrobial resistance and improving antibiotic prescribing practices worldwide. The statement outlined is 10 axioms, or “golden rules,” for the appropriate use of antibiotics that all healthcare workers should consistently adhere in clinical practice

The frequency and voltage dependent electrical characteristics of Al-TiW-Pd2Si/n-Si structure using I-V, C-V and G/omega-V measurements

WOS: 000253030300020The forward and reverse bias capacitance-voltage (C V) and conductance-voltage (G/w-V) characteristics of Al-TiW-Pd2Si/n-Si structures have been investigated over a wide frequency range of 5 kHz-5 MHz. These measurements allow to us the determination of the interface states density (N-ss) and series resistance (R-s) distribution profile. The effect of R-s on C and G is found noticeable at high frequencies. The C-V-f and G/w-V-f characteristics of studied structures show fairly large frequency dispersion especially at low frequencies due to N-ss in equilibrium with the semiconductor. The N-ss profile was obtained both forward bias current-voltage (I-V) characteristics by using into account the bias dependent of the ideality factor and effective barrier height (Phi(e)) and low frequency (C-LF)-high frequency method. The plot of series resistance vs. voltage for the low frequencies gives a peak, decreasing with increasing frequencies. The frequency dependent C-V and G/w-V characteristics confirm that the R, and N-ss of the Al-TiW-Pd2Si/n-Si structures are important parameters that strongly influence the electric parameters in device. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Ten golden rules for optimal antibiotic use in hospital settings : the WARNING call to action

Abstract: Antibiotics are recognized widely for their benefits when used appropriately. However, they are often used inappropriately despite the importance of responsible use within good clinical practice. Effective antibiotic treatment is an essential component of universal healthcare, and it is a global responsibility to ensure appropriate use. Currently, pharmaceutical companies have little incentive to develop new antibiotics due to scientific, regulatory, and financial barriers, further emphasizing the importance of appropriate antibiotic use. To address this issue, the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery established an international multidisciplinary task force of 295 experts from 115 countries with different backgrounds. The task force developed a position statement called WARNING (Worldwide Antimicrobial Resistance National/International Network Group) aimed at raising awareness of antimicrobial resistance and improving antibiotic prescribing practices worldwide. The statement outlined is 10 axioms, or "golden rules," for the appropriate use of antibiotics that all healthcare workers should consistently adhere in clinical practice