Case for the readable code

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A Realistic Perspective of the Art and Science of Forensic Psychophysiology

"In the early 1960s, Cleve Backster – perhaps the most brilliant polygraph innovator our profession has known – developed major changes in technique structure and introduced many intensely needed psychological concepts to advance our profession. One of the major changes he introduced in technique development was the change in question sequence format from a traditional Relevant – Comparison question sequence, to a structure that introduced placing the Comparison before the Relevant, or a Comparison – Relevant sequence."(...

Effectiveness of the Integrated Zone Comparision Technique (IZCT) with Various Scoring Systems in a Mock Crime Experiment by Students

"The IZCT was developed at the Academy for Scientific Investigative Training in 1987. It is currently used in the fields of law enforcement, intelligence, and private security in numerous countries around the world. It is a modification of the Backster Zone Comparison Technique format, in a structure that closely resembles the zone technique validated at the University of Utah. It is a fl exible technique format, allowing it to be used for Single-issue, Multifaceted and Multi-issue investigations."(...

Old enough to vote: the effect of lowering the voting age on youth civic engagement

Young people historically vote at the lowest rates, and political scientists have long assumed it’s because they don’t care about politics. However, other forms of youth political engagement beyond voting (such as protest) suggest otherwise. The more traditional, one-dimensional view of civic engagement as a measure of one’s voting practices lacks an ability to capture changing trends in what civic engagement actually means, as it is fundamentally missing a deeper understanding of what issues matter most to young people and how they engage with those issues outside of voting. In order to account for and test this, we designed and carried out an experiment on high school students in Pennsylvania that hypothesized that creating and implementing a curriculum on the power of voting and the potential for the student subjects, themselves, to vote will increase students’ interest in and attention to politics, government, and civic engagement. Ultimately, the data resulting from the treatment and control groups involved in the experiment produced a muddled picture of the impact of civic learning on young Americans’ civic proclivities, beliefs, and actions. This led us to believe that the current generation’s approach to government and civics may look, feel, act, and measure differently than contemporary politics as we know it. We suspect that the current political moment -- characterized by rising levels of civic and political engagement happening in concert with dropping levels of trust in government -- may be causing yet another generational shift in what it means to be civically engaged, resulting in experimental outcomes that appear counter to original hypothesis but, upon closer and more critical examination, actually falls in line with more contemporary notions of what civic engagement itself means. The adjusted hypothesis we made in order to adjust for this was: As American students are exposed to more political knowledge and opportunities for civic engagement & learning, students become increasingly cynical and skeptical because the political landscape as it exists today is indeed skepticism-provoking and makes for a fertile environment for the growth of disbelief, disempowerment, and cynicism

What are the problems of industry?

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Влияние амидов смоляных кислот канифоли на прочность межволоконных связей в бумаге в z-направлении

Resin acid amides of rosin, depending on the structure, can have both a hydrophobizing and hardening effect on paper pulps. It has been established that the developed products of rosin modification (adhesive rosin composition TMAS3N and polyamide resin ProChem DUO) containing amides of resin acids, when introduced into paper pulps made from fibrous suspensions of sulphate cellulose (unbleached and bleached) of coniferous and broad-leaved species and waste paper, different in the degree of grinding (25, 40 and 70 °ShR), contribute to the increase in the strength of interfiber bonds in paper in the z-direction. The effect of the TMAS-3N emulsion was compared with the traditionally used TM and AKD sizing emulsions. The introduction of the TMAS-3N emulsion into paper pulps (0.40 % of a. d. w.) provides the maximum increase in the strength of interfiber bonds in paper in the z-direction made from cellulose, equal to 16.7–88.6 %, and from waste paper – 19.4–75.4 %, which is 1.6–6.4 and 2.3–4.5 times more compared to TM emulsion, respectively. The achieved positive effect is due to the presence in the TMAS-3H emulsion of particles of the dispersed phase of hydroxyethylamides and aminoethyl ethers capable of forming hydrogen bonds with hydroxyl groups on the mating surfaces of cellulose fibers. Sizing paper stocks with AKD emulsion reduces the strength of interfiber bonds in paper in the z-direction over the entire range of paper content studied. Polyamide resin ProChem DUO, which is a polyaminoamide of rosin resin acids, at its content in paper stocks of 0.10 %, increases the strength of interfiber bonds in paper in the z-direction, made from cellulose and waste paper suspensions, by 50.0–92.3 and 44.4–63.5 %, respectively. The obtained results of increasing the strength of interfiber bonds in paper in the z-direction by resin acid amides of rosin are in full agreement with the mechanism of bridged bonds and the theory of hydrogen bonds.Амиды смоляных кислот канифоли в зависимости от структуры могут оказывать на бумажные массы как гидрофобизирующее, так и упрочняющее действие. Установлено, что разработанные продукты модифицирования канифоли (клеевая канифольная композиция ТМАС-3Н и полиамидная смола ПроХим DUO), содержащие амиды смоляных кислот, при введении их в бумажные массы, изготовленные из волокнистых суспензий целлюлозы сульфатной (небеленой и беленой) хвойных и лиственных пород и макулатуры, отличающиеся степенью помола (25, 40 и 70 °ШР), способствуют повышению прочности межволоконных связей в бумаге в z-направлении. Действие эмульсии ТМАС-3Н сравнивали с традиционно применяемыми проклеивающими эмульсиями ТМ и AKD. Введение эмульсии ТМАС-3Н в бумажные массы (0,40 % от а. с. в.) обеспечивает максимальный прирост прочности межволоконных связей в бумаге в z-направлении, изготовленной из целлюлозы, равный 16,7–88,6 %, и из макулатуры – 19,4–75,4 %, что по сравнению с эмульсией ТМ больше в 1,6–6,4 и 2,3–4,5 раза соответственно. Достигнутый положительный эффект обусловлен наличием в эмульсии ТМАС-3Н частиц дисперсной фазы оксиэтиламидов и аминоэтиловых эфиров смоляных кислот, способных образовывать водородные связи с гидроксильными группами на сопряженных поверхностях целлюлозных волокон. Проклейка бумажных масс эмульсией AKD снижает прочность межволоконных связей в бумаге в z-направлении во всем исследуемом интервале ее содержания. Полиамидная смола ПроХим DUO, представляющая собой полиаминоамид смоляных кислот канифоли, при содержании ее в бумажных массах 0,10 % повышает прочность межволоконных связей в бумаге в z-направлении, изготовленной из целлюлозных и макулатурных суспензий, на 50,0–92,3 и 44,4–63,5 % соответственно. Полученные результаты повышения прочности межволоконных связей в бумаге в z-направлении амидами смоляных кислот канифоли полностью согласуются с механизмом мостиковых связей и теорией водородных связей