Use of information and communication technologies for counseling parents of children with disabilities

Статья посвящена проблеме консультирования родителей детей с ограниченными возможностями здоровья в условиях дистанционного обучения.The article is devoted to the problem of counseling parents of children with disabilities in the situation of distance learning

Model of psychological and pedagogical diagnostics of integrative components of functional literacy In children with hearing and speech impaired

Статья посвящена вопросу психолого-педагогической диагностики функциональной грамотности у детей с нарушениями слуха и речи. В образовательных программах для детей с нарушениями слуха и речи основное внимание уделяется развитию интегративных компонентов функциональной грамотности, что связано с трудностями обучающихся в коммуникации с окружающими. Известно, что развитие интегративных компонентов функциональной грамотности возможно лишь в условиях целенаправленного педагогического воздействия с учетом особенностей интеллектуального и речевого развития каждого ученика. Авторами рассмотрена специфика формирования функциональной грамотности у детей с нарушениями слуха и речи, показана необходимость диагностики уровня ее развития.The article is devoted to the issue of psychological and pedagogical diagnostics of functional literacy in children with hearing and speech impairments. In educational programs for children with hearing and speech impairments, the main attention is paid to the development of integrative components of functional literacy, which is associated with the difficulties of students in communicating with others. It is known that the development of integrative components of functional literacy is possible only under the conditions of purposeful pedagogical influence, taking into account the peculiarities of the intellectual and speech development of each student. The authors considered the specificity of the formation of functional literacy in children with hearing and speech impairments, and showed the need to diagnose the level of its development

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Sensitizes Cells to Apoptosis Mediated by Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of respiratory tract disease worldwide, especially in the pediatric population. For viruses in general, apoptotic death of infected cells is a mechanism for reducing virus replication. Apoptosis can also be an important factor in augmenting antigen presentation and the host immune response. We examined apoptosis in response to RSV infection of primary small airway cells, primary tracheal-bronchial cells, and A549 and HEp-2 cell lines. The primary cells and the A549 cell line gave generally similar responses, indicating their appropriateness as models in contrast to HEp-2 cells. With the use of RNase protection assays with probes representing 33 common apoptosis factors, we found strong transcriptional activation of both pro- and antiapoptotic factors in response to RSV infection, which were further studied at the protein level and by functional assays. In particular, RSV infection strongly up-regulated the expression of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its functional receptors death receptor 4 (DR4) and DR5. Furthermore, RSV-infected cells became highly sensitive to apoptosis induced by exogenous TRAIL. These findings suggest that RSV-infected cells in vivo are susceptible to killing through the TRAIL pathway by immune cells such as natural killer and CD4(+) cells that bear membrane-bound TRAIL. RSV infection also induced several proapoptotic factors of the Bcl-2 family and caspases 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, representing both the death receptor- and mitochondrion-dependent apoptotic pathways. RSV also mediated the strong induction of antiapoptotic factors of the Bcl-2 family, especially Mcl-1, which might account for the delayed induction of apoptosis in RSV-infected cells in the absence of exogenous induction of the TRAIL pathway