Study of fertility and cytogenetic variability in androgenic plants (R0 and R1) of alloplasmic introgression lines of common wheat

Anther culture is one of the methods to obtain DH lines of wheat. A limitation of this method can be cytogenetic instability in plants R0, leading to a decrease in fertility or sterility. In this study, we have investigated the fertility of R0, the fertility and cytogenetic variability of R1 in alloplasmatic introgression lines of common wheat in order to develop a cytogenetically stable DH lines with introgressions from different species. Lines 311/134, 311/FL, 311/IR with the cytoplasm from H. vulgare were studied. 311/134 carries the wheat-rye 1RS.1BL and wheatwheatgrass 7DL-7Ai translocations; 311/FL has the 1RS.1BL translocation and probably introgressions from A. glaucum; and 311/IR has the wheat-rye 1RS.1BL and wheat-Ae. speltoides T2B/2S#2 translocations. Green seedlings developed in anther culture for all lines. Differences between the lines in the ability for androgenesis and in the level of fertility in R0 and R1 have been revealed. Depressed androgenesis, low fertility and high aneuploidy were observed in 311/IR. It has been proposed that the reason for this is cytogenetic instability in gametes, which is caused by Gc genes located on T2B/2S#2. 63.3 % of 311/134 and 311/FL R1 plants that were grown from low seed-set R0 plants were aneuploids. Fertile R0 regenerant plants were identified that segregated in R1 for fertility and chromosome numbers. It has been demonstrated that DH lines are best developed from highfertility R1 plants with 2n = 42 irrespective of fertility in R0

FEATURES OF ANDROGENESIS IN ANTHER CULTURES OF VARIETIES AND A PROMISING ACCESSION OF SPRING COMMON WHEAT BRED IN WEST SIBERIA DIFFERING IN THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF WHEAT-ALIEN TRANSLOCATIONS

Androgenesis has been studied in anther cultures of eight cultivars and one promising accession of spring common wheat raised in West Siberia (Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture, Omsk, Russia). The varieties are close in origin but vary in the presence or absence of wheat-alien translocations (wheat–rye 1RS.1BL and wheat–couch grass 7DL-7Ai). The promising accession L-311/00-22 bears the 1RS.1BL translocation and the cytoplasm of cultivated barley Hordeum vulgare L. The main task of the study is to assess the possibility of obtaining dihaploid lines in the genotypes examined bearing wheat-alien translocations. It has been found that different accessions respond differently to anther culture conditions depending on the concentration of 2,4-D in the initial medium. Accession L-311/00-22 is best for androgenesis experiments and raise of dihaploid lines. The dependence of the effect of the genotypic environment of wheat on the effect of wheat-alien translocation on androgenesis features, is discussed

ANDROGENESIS ABILITY IN COMMON WHEAT EUPLASMIC LINES AND ALLOPLASMIC RECOMBINANT LINES (H. VULGARE)-T. AESTIVUM POSSESSING 1RS.1BL AND 7DL-7AI TRANSLOCATIONS AND PRODUCTION OF DOUBLE HAPLOID LINES

Androgenesis ability was studied in anther cultures of euplasmic lines of common wheat and alloplasmic recombinant lines (H. vulgare)-T. aestivum with 1RS.1BL and 7DL-7Ai translocations. The ability to produce androgenic structures and plantlet regeneration are suppressed in lines carrying both translocations. Alloplasmic recombinant lines (H. vulgare)-T. aestivum with 1RS.1BL and 7DL-7Ai translocations, as well as alloplasmic lines with 1RS.1BL translocation, are characterized by increased ability to create androgenic structures, including polyembryos, and plantlet regeneration as compared to euplasmic lines. The inducing reciprocal influence of barley cytoplasm and rye chromosome 1RS on the androgenesis ability of lines (H. vulgare)-T. aestivum with 1RS.1BL and 7DL-7Ai translocations is discussed. Double haploid lines were developed from androgenic plants with spontaneously doubled chromosome numbers and restored fertility. Of the lines carrying the translocations, the most promising with regard to the manifestation of commercially valuable traits and resistance to diseases were selected in order to utilize them in breeding programs

EFFECTIVENESS OF ARTIFICIAL PNEUMOTHORAX IN YOUNG PATIENTS WITH CAVERNOUS PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS MULTIDRUG AND EXTENSIVELY DRUG BACTERIAL RESISTANCE

The article presents the results of clinical studies of the effectiveness of artificial pneumothorax in the treatment of 124 patients with cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis patients and extensively drug resistance. Clinical trials of the use of artificial pneumothorax in young patients with cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis MDR and XDR MBT have proved its high efficiency and that it can be recommended for widespread clinical use. The indications for the use of artificial pneumothorax is a cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis with the release of MDR and XDR MBT with unformed or formed thin-walled cavity not larger than 4 cm in diameter. Pleuropulmonary adhesions revealed at primary application of artificial pneumothorax are the direct indications fpr surgical burn of adhesions. With the diameter of cavities up to 2 cm the artificial pneumothorax treatment is applied for 6 months and with cavities of 2-4 cm in diameter - for 12 months. Contraindications to the use of artificial pneumothorax are cavities in the lungs more than 4 cm in diameter, massive pleural commissures, with the impossibility of their surgical burnout; specific lesion bronchial tubes and severe comorbidities (mental illness, organic lesions of the central nervous system, chronic obstructive lung disease, chronic cardiovascular diseases in the stage of decompensation, congenital malformations of the heart and lungs, chest wall deformity). Treatment of patients with artificial pneumothorax cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis MDR and XDR pathogen can be recommended for use in stationary phase in TB facilities with thoracic surgery, where the implementation of operational burnout pleural commissures is possible

CRYPTOGENIC STROKE IN GENERAL PRACTICE

This article is a clinical case description of a young female (37 yrs) with ischemic stroke of unknown origin. Neurologic and cardiovascular investigations failed to find out any potential reason for stroke in this case. Genetic test on prothrombotic mutations helped to identify several genetic abnormalities associated with high thrombotic risk that could lead this patient to ischemic event on the background of dysplasia of one of the brain arteries. The authours suggest an algorithmic approach to diagnose young patients (< 50 yrs) with stroke of unknown origin

Структура смертности населения Москвы от болезней органов кровообращения и дыхания в период аномального лета 2010 года

Summary. Mortality rate in July – August, 2010, according to findings of the pathomorphological department of Clinical hospital N57 in Moscow has been analyzed and compared with the appropriate period of 2009. During abnormally hot weather and air pollution (smog), mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases has significantly increased in Moscow. The most prominent growth in mortality rate was seen among patients with ischaemic heart disease and congestive heart failure and among patients with bronchial asthma complicated with status asthmaticus.Резюме. В статье проанализированы показатели смертности в Москве и по данным патологоанатомического отделения ГКБ № 57 (Москва) за июль–август 2010 г., по сравнению с тем же периодом 2009 г. Было выявлено, что во время аномальной жары и смога в Москве значительно увеличилась смертность от болезней органов кровообращения и дыхания. Наибольший рост летальности наблюдали в группах больных ишемической болезнью сердца с признаками недостаточности кровообращения и у больных бронхиальной астмой, у которых развился астматический статус