CORRECTION OF STRESS-INDUCED CHANGES OF MOTOR FUNCTION OF DUODENUM AND JEJUNUM DURING IMMOBILIZATION STRESS BY ANTIOXIDANT DRUGS (EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)

In chronic experiments on dogs the authors studied the dynamics of the contractile activity of duodenum and jejunum on the background of a course of antioxidant drug 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate in the daily one-hour immobilization stress. It has been found that antioxidant course administration chronic stress leads to the approximation increased contractile activity index duodenum and jejunum to the level of control data at an earlier date than under stress without the use of medication (on the 7th day of immobilization)

One of the possible mechanisms of glucose absorption slowing during immobilization stress

An experimental study was performed on outbred male rats. In the first series of chronic experiments we studied the process of glucose absorption in an isolated loop of a jejunum in 12 rats. In the second series we studied the changes of lipid peroxidation during immobilization with the introduction of MFB and without in 18 rats in each group. Rats were operated in a special way. During all the days of immobilization there is an increased DK in serum of rats, reaching maximum on the seventh day of daily one hour immobilization. Lipid peroxidation products (conjugated dienes, malonicdialdehyde) and antioxidant activity of serum in chronic immobilization stress (1 hour a day during 7 days) and glucose absorption in a jejunum were investigated. Activation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and its correlation with inhibition of glucose absorption rate were revealed. 2-ethyl-6-methyl- 3-hydroxypyridine succinate (EMHPS) administration of a 10 mg/kg a day dose for 7 days resulted in primary and end lipid peroxidation product decrease and increase in blood serum antioxidant activity. Under EMHPS correction, the glucose absorption rate approached the control group level in chronic immobilization stress. Activation of lipid peroxidation was suggested as one of the possible mechanisms of glucose absorption reduction during stress. Activation of the POL can be one of the decline reasons of the glucose absorption process during stress

CORRECTION OF CHANGES IN GASTRIC MOTOR FUNCTION IMMOBILIZATION STRESS STRESS-PROTECTIVE PREPARATION

In chronic immobilization stress in dogs we have proven to reduce the index of contractile activity of the stomach. In this regard, this article presents the results of studies on the correction of motor function at course introduction. Meksidol with weekly one-hour chronic immobilization stress. The data raise the index of contractile activity in the first day of fixation compared with immobilization without introducing stress-protective drug, on day 3 of stress index of contractile activity approached the level of the control study

DINAMICS OF MOTOR FUNCTION IN THE STOMACH DURING IMMOBILIZED STRESS

In the chronic experiment on dogs has been studied the dynamics of the contractile activity of the stomach during the daily one-hour immobilization chronic stress. It was found that stress leads to a decrease in the index of the contractile activity of the stomach that persists for 3 days of the experiment. By 7 days of stress approaching the index of contractile activity to the control data was observed

Changes in Indicators of Microcirculation in the Early Postoperative Period in the Treatment of Diaphyseal Fractures of the Shin Bones Using a Plate with Limited Contact

Background. Unsatisfactory results of treatment, such as delayed consolidation and non-fusion of fractures, the formation of false joints and limb bone defects, have no tendency to decrease. We can assume that one of the leading factors of complications in traumatology is a violation of microcirculation in the affected segment of the limb.Aims. To identify patterns of changes in the parameters of the microcirculatory bed of the damaged segment of the lower limb when fixing bone fragments with a plate with limited contact in the early period after surgery.Materials and methods. In 25 patients, we studied four parameters of microcirculation of the lower limb segment with application of laser Doppler flowmetry. The control group consisted of 25 healthy volunteers, comparable in age and sex with the study group.Results. We found that in the early postoperative period (from the first to the 10th day after the surgery) in patients with diaphyseal fractures of the tibia operated with metal plate with limited contact there was an increase in microcirculation by 75.69 %, an increase in the proportion of the nutritive component of microcirculation compared to the shunt fraction by 24.64 %, as well as an increase in more than one ratio of the amplitude of the heart and respiratory range. All of that indicates a local circulatory disorder in the nutritive arterial hyperemia. We note that the increase in the amplitude of the respiratory component by 17.22 % and the equality of the amplitude of the cardiac range compared with the control group indicate violations of local blood circulation by the type of venous stagnation.Conclusion. On the basis of the results obtained, we note that patients with diaphyseal fractures of the shin bones treated with metal osteosynthesis with a plate with limited contact in the early postoperative period develop a violation of local blood circulation in the stagnant-hyperemic type

Metabolism and Physiological Functions Adjustment of the Organism under Stress Influence

Stress reaction of the organism is a process occurring at the cellular, tissue and systemic levels. The organism responds to any adverse effect with a multi-level reaction, which causes the development of stress and, as a result, adaptation. The damaging effect is due to the excessive strengthening of another adaptive effect – lipotropic, that increases the activity of phospholipases and the intensity of free radical oxidation of lipids through the catecholamines and protein kinases. The changes in the immune system during the adaptation stage are to maintain antigenic homeostasis of the internal environment of the organism due to lymphoid cells, lymphocytes and cytokines. Almost all cells with antigen representation function are capable to produce interleukins under certain conditions. The vascular system is a kind of an indicator of any pathological process, determining the state of regulatory and adaptive mechanisms, the features of the connective tissue matrix. Stress causes a restructuring of metabolism and physiological functions, which increases the organism’s resistance to acute death. Thus, the physiological meaning of the stress reaction is the emergency mobilization of energy and structural resources of the organism and the creation of positive background for the implementation of reactions, aimed at maintaining homeostasis in extreme situations

THE DYNAMIC INDEX CHANGES OF THE CONTRACTILE ACTIVITY OF DUODENAL AND JEJUNA DURING IMMOBILIZED STRESS

The dynamic contractile activity of duodenal and jejuna was studied during daily chronic one-hour stress in experiment on the dogs. It was revealed, that the stress leads to the increasing index of the contractile activity of experimental areas, which is preserved even on the 7th day of immobilized stress

Профилактика и лечение лучевого цистита с использованием гидрогелевых композиций у больных раком прямой кишки: ретроспективное исследование

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of rectal cancer in different countries tends to increase over the past 10 years. In the Russian Federation, the incidence of rectal cancer accounts for about 4.5% of the total oncological incidence, where stage III–IV is 25.9% and 23%, respectively. In the light of current trends, national clinical guidelines from different countries recommend starting the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer with radiation or chemoradiotherapy. Radiation therapy is usually accompanied by radiation reactions and complications. For the last 10–15 years, hydrogel compositions have been included in the treatment of radiation reactions along with basic drugs.OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of the use of hydrogel compositions for the prevention and treatment of radiation reactions during irradiation of patients with rectal cancer.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 257 patients, including 146 men and 111 women aged 27 to 88 years, the median was 59 years old, who lived in St. Petersburg, the Leningrad Region and in other regions of the Russian Federation, who received radiation therapy since 2013 to 2019 for rectal cancer. The severity of radiation reactions was assessed by the current RTOG/EORTC. Basic drug therapy, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antispasmodics, hemostatic agents, oil mixtures, etc., was used in 47% of patients. In the course of radiation therapy, 35 patients were prescribed hydrogel-based composite preparations with derinat, dioxidine and lidocaine.Statistics: Data processing was carried out using the Excel spreadsheet editor, as well as the Statistica 10 for Windows statistical data processing software package.RESULTS: Radiation proctitis was registered in 81 (31.5%), dermatitis in 50 (19.5%), cystitis in 45 (17.5%), enterocolitis, enteritis or colitis in 28 (10.9%), hematological toxicity in 8 (3.1%), vaginitis in 8 (3.1%), other in 7 (2.7%) patients. Taking into account that the bladder is the most frequently irradiated organ in cases where the target tumor is localized in adjacent organs of the small pelvis, as well as the lack of prevention and treatment standards (golden standard), radiation cystitis, which poisons the lives of apparently healthy patients, was carried out study of the effect of hydrogel compositions in the appointment of these drugs before, during and after the end of radiation therapy compared with the control. In the study group, a later onset of cystitis was noted (with SD from 20 to 34 Gy), the frequency of cystitis was 9% (p<0.05), the severity did not exceed 1 degree. In the control group, radiation reactions occurred when SD reached 14 to 27 Gy. RIC grade 1 was diagnosed in 10.3%, grade 2 in 8.8%, grade 3 in 5.9%. The overall frequency of RIC in the control group was 25%. Thus, the frequency of RIC in the control group significantly exceeded that in the main group. Further observations showed that patients, diagnosed with rectal cancer, who received hydrogel compositions suffered from overall incidence of late radiotherapy complications 2 times lower — 8.2% vs. 17.2%, respectively (p<0.05).DISCUSSION: The impact of radiation reactions and complications on the quality of life of rectal cancer patients is actively discussed in the Russian Federation and abroad. At the same time, the incidence of rectal cancer in the world is growing, as well as the need for radiation therapy. Radiation cystitis is a recognized complication of radiation therapy of the pelvic organs. The frequency of RIC, according to various authors, ranges from 23 to 80%. Hydrogel compositions are one of the proven effective means of combating radiation damage.CONCLUSION: the presence of radiation reactions during pre/postoperative radiation therapy for rectal cancer significantly contributes to a decrease in the five-year survival rate of patients. The frequency of radiation cystitis significantly decreases against the background of the appointment of hydrogel compositions before, during and after radiation therapy.ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Заболеваемость раком прямой кишки (РПК) в разных странах в последние 10 лет имеет тенденцию к повышению. В РФ на РПК приходится около 4,5% общей онкологической заболеваемости, III и IV стадии составляют 25,9 и 23% соответственно. В свете современных тенденций национальные клинические рекомендации разных стран рекомендуют начинать лечение местнораспространенного РПК с лучевой либо химиолучевой терапии. Лучевая терапия, как правило, сопровождается лучевыми реакциями и осложнениями. Последние 10–15 лет для лечения лучевых реакций наряду с базовыми лекарственными средствами применяют гидрогелевые композиции.ЦЕЛЬ: Изучить влияние использования гидрогелевых композиций для профилактики и лечения лучевых реакций при облучении больных раком прямой кишки.МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: В исследование включено 257 пациентов, из них 146 мужчин и 111 женщин в возрасте от 27 до 88 лет (медиана 59 лет), проживавших в Санкт-Петербурге, Ленинградской области и в иных регионах Российской Федерации, получавших лучевую терапию с 2013 по 2019 г. по поводу рака прямой кишки. Степень выраженности лучевых реакций оценивалась по текущей RTOG/EORTC. Базовая лекарственная терапия, включавшая нестероидные противовоспалительные вещества, спазмолитики, гемостатические средства, масляные смеси и др., применялись у 47% больных. В процессе лучевой терапии 35 больным были назначены композиционные препараты на гидрогелевой основе с деринатом, диоксидином и лидокаином.Статистика: Обработка данных осуществлена с помощью табличного редактора Excel, а также пакета программ по статистической обработке данных Statistica 10 for Windows.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Лучевой проктит зарегистрирован у 81 (31,5%), дерматит — у 50 (19,5%), цистит — у 45 (17,5%), энтероколит, энтерит или колит — у 28 (10,9%), гематологическая токсичность — у 8 (3,1%), вагинит — у 8 (3,1%), прочие реакции — у 7 (2,7%), пациентов. Принимая во внимание, что мочевой пузырь является наиболее часто облучаемым органом в случаях, когда таргетная опухоль локализуется в смежных органах малого таза, а также отсутствие стандартов профилактики и лечения лучевых циститов (радиационно-индуцированных циститов — РИЦ), отравляющих жизнь условно здоровых пациентов, было проведено исследование влияния гидрогелевых композиций при назначении этих средств до, в процессе и после окончания лучевой терапии по сравнению с контролем. В исследуемой группе (n=19) отмечено более позднее начало РИЦ (при СОД от 20 до 34 Гр), частота его составила 9%, выраженность не превышала 1 степени. В контрольной группе (n=34) лучевые реакции возникли при подведении СОД от 14 до 27 Гр. РИЦ 1 степени диагностированы у 10,3%, 2 степени — у 8,8%, 3 степени — у 5,9% больных. Общая частота РИЦ в группе контроля составила 25% (р<0,05). Таким образом, частота РИЦ в контрольной группе достоверно превышала таковую в основной группе. Дальнейшие наблюдения показали, что у больных с диагнозом РПК, получавших гидрогелевые композиции, общая частота поздних осложнений в 2 раза ниже, чем у остальных пациентов,— 8,2% против 17,2% соответственно (р<0,05).ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ: Влияние лучевых реакций и осложнений на качество жизни пациентов РПК активно обсуждается в РФ и за рубежом. При этом заболеваемость РПК в мире растет, равно как и потребность в лучевой терапии. Лучевой цистит является признанным осложнением лучевой терапии органов малого таза. Частота РИЦ, по данным разных авторов, колеблется от 23 до 80%. Одним из доказанных эффективных средств борьбы с лучевыми повреждениями являются гидрогелевые композиции.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: наличие лучевых реакций при пред/послеоперационной лучевой терапии по поводу РПК достоверно способствует снижению пятилетней выживаемости пациентов. Частота лучевых циститов достоверно снижается на фоне назначения гидрогелевых композиций до, во время и после проведения лучевой терапии

Microcirculation parameters of the damaged segment of the lower extremity after treatment of diaphyseal fractures using a locked intramedullary nail

Background. An in-depth analysis of the scientific works of scientists and medical practitioners allows us to conclude that locked nail intramedullary osteosynthesis is  the optimal and the most effective method of treating closed diaphyseal fractures of the lower leg bones, which is caused by the high stability of osteosynthesis and minimal damage to soft tissues during surgery. The processes of microcirculation changes in the early postoperative period by various metal structures, including a locked intramedullary nail, still remain unexplored. In particular, there is insufficient data on the use of a locked intramedullary nail. The aim of the study. To identify the features of changes in microcirculation indices of injured lower leg bones during fixation of fragments with a locked intramedullary nail in the early postoperative period. Materials and methods. The microcirculation of the lower limb segment was studied in 25 patients using laser Doppler flowmetry. Data from 25 healthy volunteers were used as a comparison group. Results. It was found that in the early postoperative period, from day 1 to day 10, in patients with diaphyseal fractures of the lower leg bones operated with locked nail intramedullary osteosynthesis, there is a decrease in the cardiac range, an increase in the share of the shunt component of microcirculation compared to the nutritional share, as well as an increase in more than 1 ratio of the cardiac and respiratory range amplitude, which indicates an ischemia type of local circulatory disorder. Compensation of ischemia is done by anastomoses, since the bypass rate is increased. Conclusion. In case of surgical treatment with locked nail intramedullary osteosynthesis, in the early postoperative period, an ischemic type of compensated local circulatory disorder develops. The regeneration process takes place under conditions of reduced arterial microcirculation blood flow and stable venous outflow, as well as the inclusion of anastomoses to compensate for destroyed vessels, which is associated with nail damage to the internal blood flow of the bone endosteum and intraosseous nutrient artery during the surgery

A novel application of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors in MPGD

We present a novel application of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors in the construction and characterisation of Micro Pattern Gaseous Detector (MPGD), with particular attention to the realisation of the largest triple (Gas electron Multiplier) GEM chambers so far operated, the GE1/1 chambers of the CMS experiment at LHC. The GE1/1 CMS project consists of 144 GEM chambers of about 0.5 m2 active area each, employing three GEM foils per chamber, to be installed in the forward region of the CMS endcap during the long shutdown of LHC in 2108-2019. The large active area of each GE1/1 chamber consists of GEM foils that are mechanically stretched in order to secure their flatness and the consequent uniform performance of the GE1/1 chamber across its whole active surface. So far FBGs have been used in high energy physics mainly as high precision positioning and re-positioning sensors and as low cost, easy to mount, low space consuming temperature sensors. FBGs are also commonly used for very precise strain measurements in material studies. In this work we present a novel use of FBGs as flatness and mechanical tensioning sensors applied to the wide GEM foils of the GE1/1 chambers. A network of FBG sensors have been used to determine the optimal mechanical tension applied and to characterise the mechanical tension that should be applied to the foils. We discuss the results of the test done on a full-sized GE1/1 final prototype, the studies done to fully characterise the GEM material, how this information was used to define a standard assembly procedure and possible future developments.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, presented by Luigi Benussi at MPGD 2015 (Trieste, Italy). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1512.0848