27 research outputs found
Stability and correlations in dilute two-dimensional boson systems
The hyperspherical adiabatic expansion method is used to describe
correlations in a symmetric boson system rigorously confined to two spatial
dimensions. The hyperangular eigenvalue equation turns out to be almost
independent of the hyperradius, whereas the solutions are strongly varying with
the strength of the attractive two-body potentials. Instability is encountered
in hyperangular, hyperradial, and mean-field equations for almost identical
strengths inversely proportional to the particle number. The derived conditions
for stability are similar to mean-field conditions and closely related to the
possible occurrence of the Thomas and Efimov effects. Renormalization in
mean-field calculations for two spatial dimensions is probably not needed.Comment: 5 pages, two figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. A, second version
contains added discussion, especially of renormalizatio
Hamiltonian inference from dynamical excitations in confined quantum magnets
Quantum-disordered models provide a versatile platform to explore the
emergence of quantum excitations in many-body systems. The engineering of spin
models at the atomic scale with scanning tunneling microscopy and the local
imaging of excitations with electrically driven spin resonance has risen as a
powerful strategy to image spin excitations in finite quantum spin systems.
Here, focusing on lattices as realized by Ti in MgO, we show that
dynamical spin excitations provide a robust strategy to infer the nature of the
underlying Hamiltonian. We show that finite-size interference of the dynamical
many-body spin excitations of a generalized long-range Heisenberg model allows
the underlying spin couplings to be inferred. We show that the spatial
distribution of local spin excitations in Ti islands and ladders directly
correlates with the underlying ground state in the thermodynamic limit. Using a
supervised learning algorithm, we demonstrate that the different parameters of
the Hamiltonian can be extracted by providing the spatially and
frequency-dependent local excitations that can be directly measured by
electrically driven spin resonance with scanning tunneling microscopy. Our
results put forward local dynamical excitations in confined quantum spin models
as versatile witnesses of the underlying ground state, providing an
experimentally robust strategy for Hamiltonian inference in complex real spin
models.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figure
Direct and indirect effects of climate on richness drive the latitudinal diversity gradient in forest trees
Data accessibility statement: Full census data are available upon reasonable request from the ForestGEO data portal, http://ctfs.si.edu/datarequest/ We thank Margie Mayfield, three anonymous reviewers and Jacob Weiner for constructive comments on the manuscript. This study was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC0506100), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31622014 and 31570426), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (17lgzd24) to CC. XW was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB3103). DS was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (grant no. 16-26369S). Yves Rosseel provided us valuable suggestions on using the lavaan package conducting SEM analyses. Funding and citation information for each forest plot is available in the Supplementary Information Text 1.Peer reviewedPostprin
Evidence of nodal f-wave superconductivity in monolayer 1H-TaS with hidden order fluctuations
Unconventional superconductors represent one of the fundamental directions in
modern quantum materials research. In particular, nodal superconductors are
known to appear naturally in strongly correlated systems, including cuprate
superconductors and heavy-fermion systems. Van der Waals materials hosting
superconducting states are well known, yet nodal monolayer van der Waals
superconductors have remained elusive. Here, we show that pristine monolayer
1H-TaS realizes a nodal superconducting state with f-wave spin-triplet
symmetry. We show that including non-magnetic disorder drives the nodal
superconducting state to a conventional gapped s-wave state. Furthermore, we
observe the emergence of many-body excitations potentially associated to the
unconventional pairing mechanism. Our results demonstrate the emergence of
nodal superconductivity in a van der Waals monolayer, providing a building
block for van der Waals heterostructures exploiting unconventional
superconducting states
Assembly of forest communities across East Asia - insights from phylogenetic community structure and species pool scaling
Local communities are assembled from larger-scale species pools via dispersal, environmental filtering, biotic interactions, and local stochastic demographic processes. The relative importance, scaling and interplay of these assembly processes can be elucidated by comparing local communities to variously circumscribed species pools. Here we present the first study applying this approach to forest tree communities across East Asia, focusing on community phylogenetic structure and using data from a global network of tropical, subtropical and temperate forest plots. We found that Net Relatedness Index (NRI) and Nearest Taxon Index (NTI) values were generally lower with geographically broad species pools (global and Asian species pools) than with an East Asian species pool, except that global species pool produced higher NTI than the East Asian species pool. The lower NRI for the global relative to the East Asian species pool may indicate an important role of intercontinental migration during the Neogene and Quaternary and climatic conservatism in shaping the deeper phylogenetic structure of tree communities in East Asia. In contrast, higher NTI for the global relative to the East Asian species pool is consistent with recent localized diversification determining the shallow phylogenetic structure
Reservoir dam operating risk dynamics modelling for safety control in the emergency response process
Prevalence of hepatitis E virus infection among people and swine in mainland China: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
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A noncoding regulatory variant in IKZF1 increases acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk in Hispanic/Latino children
Hispanic/Latino children have the highest risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in the US compared to other racial/ethnic groups, yet the basis of this remains incompletely understood. Through genetic fine-mapping analyses, we identified a new independent childhood ALL risk signal near IKZF1 in self-reported Hispanic/Latino individuals, but not in non-Hispanic White individuals, with an effect size of ∼1.44 (95% confidence interval = 1.33-1.55) and a risk allele frequency of ∼18% in Hispanic/Latino populations and <0.5% in European populations. This risk allele was positively associated with Indigenous American ancestry, showed evidence of selection in human history, and was associated with reduced IKZF1 expression. We identified a putative causal variant in a downstream enhancer that is most active in pro-B cells and interacts with the IKZF1 promoter. This variant disrupts IKZF1 autoregulation at this enhancer and results in reduced enhancer activity in B cell progenitors. Our study reveals a genetic basis for the increased ALL risk in Hispanic/Latino children