164 research outputs found
Adducins Regulate Remodeling of Apical Junctions in Human Epithelial Cells
This article identifies membrane skeleton proteins, adducins, as important regulators of epithelial cell–cell adhesions that promote assembly and antagonize stimulus-induced disassembly of adherens and tight junctions
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Workshop on Plant Dispersal and Migration Modeling. Final Report for period June 1, 2001 - May 31, 2002
Global environmental change is causing shifts in the geographical locations of habitats suitable for particular plant species. While it is established that the future distributions of plant species will be strongly influenced by the ability of plants to migrate to sites of suitable habitat, our ability to predict potential and actual migration rates is rudimentary. This workshop organized by the Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems (GCTE) core project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program provided scientists with interests and expertise in global change and plant migration with a forum for developing a new collaborative synthesis of understanding on long distance dispersal and migration modeling. This grant from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, provided partial support for the workshop by supporting the participation of U.S. scientists
Study of subchondral bone adaptations in a rodent surgical model of OA using in vivo micro-computed tomography
Objective: To non-invasively investigate the changes to epiphyseal bone occurring in a longitudinal pre-clinical model of osteoarthritis (OA) using in vivo micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Design: In vivo micro-CT images were acquired using a bench-top micro-CT scanner, which produces three-dimensional data with isotropic voxel spacing of 0.046 mm. Male rodents were scanned prior to surgical destabilization, consisting of anterior cruciate ligament transection and partial medial menisectomy (ACLX). Subsequent scans were performed every 4 weeks post-ACLX, for up to 5 months. Volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) was measured in specific, anatomically segmented regions within each image. The ACLX rodent data were compared with the contralateral non-operated hind limb of the same animal, as well as a sham-operated group (SHAM) of animals, for each time point. End-point histology compared changes to cartilage and bone between the ACLX and control animals. Results: The micro-CT protocol produced sufficient spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR = 19) to quantify subchondral bone pathology, with an acceptable entrance exposure to radiation (0.36 Gy). Significantly lower vBMD was measured in the ACLX group, vs SHAM rodents, at 1, 4, and 5 months post-surgery (P \u3c 0.05). Qualitative observations of ACLX joints revealed significant loss of cartilage, subchondral bone cysts, and calcification of tendon similar to changes found in humans. Conclusions: This study demonstrates in vivo micro-CT as an effective method for investigating the development of rodent knee OA longitudinally. This method can be applied, in future pre-clinical trials, to non-destructively monitor the efficacy of pharmacological interventions. © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International
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