Diablo Canyon power plant site ecological study Quarterly Report no. 7; January 1 - March 31, 1975

During the period January 1 - March 31, 1975 we relocated and remarked five permanent subtidal stations and surveyed 28 random and two permanent intertidal stations. We failed to find a single giant red sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, around station 16 during a dive in March. Abalone, Haliotis spp., numbers decreased at random intertidal stations in North Diablo Cove and the North Control Area. The commerical sea urchin fishery was inactive, while the commerical red abalone, H. rufescens, fishery continued to operate around Pecho Rock. Counts of sea otters south of Point Buchon increased significantly, 20 to 30 otters are now feeding just north of Pecho Rock. Eight random fishery stations in Diablo Cove, Lion Rock Cove and the North Control Area yielded a substantial increase in catch-per-unit-of-effort. (15pp.

Diablo Canyon power plant site ecological study; Quarterly Report No. 11; January 1 - March 31, 1976

Permanent subtidal stations 6, 11 and 16 were surveyed. Appreciable increases in densities of one species of brown algae and five species of macroinvertebrates were noted at station 6. Winter surveys of random and permanent intertidal stations were completed. There was little or no change in black and red abalone, Haliotis cracherodii and H. rufescens, densities at the various random study areas. There was a noticeable increase in black abalone numbers at permanent station 2A located in North Diablo Cove. Three new permanent stations were established and counts of abalone completed. Approximately 100 sea otters, Enhydra lutris, have moved from the Point Buchon area to the area around Pecho Rock. We fished at 13 random stations in Diablo Cove and five stations in North Cove and North Control to determine the catch rate of common sport fishes. A good percentage of the 1975 bull kelp, Nereocystis luetkeana, population weathered the winter storms. We calculated an approximate 18% over-wintering survival rate. Daily observations of foam in Diablo Cove continued; large amounts of piled-up foam have been observed during low tides in the South Diablo intertidal during periods of northwesterly winds. On a recent reconnaissance dive in Intake Cove, fish numbers appeared to be on the increase and visibility appeared to be improving. (15pp.

Diablo Canyon power plant site ecological study Quarterly Report no. 10; October - December 31, 1975

Field work during the quarter included surveys of permanent and random subtidal and intertidal stations. At permanent subtidal stations densities of the brown algae Laminaria and Nereocystis decreased as did densities of giant red sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus franciscanus. Counts of small invertebrates within one-quarter meter square (1/4-m2) quadrats at random subtidal stations were begun. A total of 32 quadrats was completed. Balanophyllia elegans was the most abundant and most common animal encountered. The annual surface count of bull kelp (Nereocystis) was not possible because of the increased density; instead we utilized subtidal counts to estimate the surface canopy. An estimate of 33,000 plants was made for this year's canopy; this compares with a count of 18,000 plants last year. Sampling of random intertidal stations for the Davidson period began; 15 stations were surveyed. In addition, permanent intertidal stations 1, 2 and 3 were surveyed for abalone densities. The sea otter, Enhydra lutris, herd continued to occupy the area around Point Buchon. In November daily observations were initiated on foam location and abundance in Diablo Cove. (13pp.

Diablo canyon power plant site ecological study Quarterly Report No. 1; July 1 - September 30, 1973

The second phase of ecological studies at the Diablo Canyon Power Plant site was initiated in July 1973. The first, phase conducted during 1970-71 involved baseline ecological surveys with special reference to abalone and bony fishes. The objectives of this second phase are to quantitativey monitor abalone and algal communities, including predators and competitors, along permanent intertidal and subtidal transects established during the first phase. During the quarter nine permanent transects were located and marked with new buoys. Surveys on seven of these transects were completed, and the commercial sea urchin and red abalone fisheries operating in the Diablo Cove area were monitored. Sea otter activities between Diablo Cove and Pt. Buchon were recorded to determine the location of the herd and their general food habits. Little evidence of feeding activity has been observed in Diablo Cove. Temperature tolerance studies, began in March 1973 on red abalones, were continued. Problems in obtaining viable abalone larvae hampered this project.(11pp.

Diablo Canyon power plant site ecological study Quarterly Report no. 6; October 1 - December 31, 1974

During the period October 1 - December 31, 1974, a total of six permanent subtidal stations and ten random intertidal stations were surveyed. Red tides and rough seas limited both the commerical abalone and sea urchin fishery activities. Most activity was concentrated between Diablo Cove and Pecho Rock. Divers, however, did work urchin beds as far north as Lion Rock. Sea otter counts have remained relatively stable with almost all individuals being observed north of Lion Rock. Fourteen random fishing stations were completed. Low catch rates reflected fishing success in areas with a heavy brown algae surface canopy. (12pp.

Diablo Canyon Power Plant site ecological study Quarterly Report No. 2; October 1 - December 31, 1973

During the period October 1 - December 31, 1973, Fall surveys of permanent subtidal stations were completed with one station being surveyed. We were unable to locate 3 subtidal stations. Intertidal studies were initiated in November. A total of 12 random stations was surveyed. Interviews were conducted with commercial abalone fishermen working between Pt. Buchon to Pecho Rock. We continued to monitor the sea otter herd foraging between Pt. Buchon and Lion Rock. Progress was achieved in the abalone temperature tolerance studies when a successful spawning occurred. (20pp.

Diablo Canyon power plant site ecological study Quarterly Report No. 13; July 1 - September 30, 1976

Surveys of 39 random 30-m2 subtidal stations and 56 random 1/4-m2 subtidal stations in Diablo Cove and the North Control were completed. The mean density of red abalones, Haliotis rufescens, in Diablo Cove was greater this year (0.02/m2) than last year (0.005/m2). This difference probably reflects sampling variation rather than density change. A total of 29 sportfish catch-per-unit-of-effort stations was sampled in Diablo Cove and 12 in the North Control. Foam observations in Diablo Cove were continued. The cooling water pumps were not in operation. The amounts of foam appeared to be about the same during certain weather conditions as those when the pumps are in operation, although not as thick. The number of sea otters, Enhydra lutris, decreased substantially between Pt. Buchon and Pecho Rock. This was due to their annual migration (or "pulling back") into the more central parts of their range. Random surveys of the intertidal areas during the upwelling period were completed. (11pp.

Diablo Canyon Power Plant site ecological study Quarterly Report No. 3; January 1 - March 31, 1974

During the period January 1 - March 31, 1974, winter surveys of the permanent subtidal stations were initiated. Three stations were surveyed. We completed our winter random intertidal surveys; a total of 14 stations in Diablo Cove and the North Control Area were visited. The commercial sea urchin fishery resumed and we began interviewing fishermen again. Very little commercial abalone fishing occurred due to the one-month closed season and winter storms. We observed a sea otter in North Cove for the first time and harbor seals were also observcd on the eastern end of the south breakwater for the first time since we began our studies. (17pp.

Raman spectroscopy of iodine-doped double-walled carbon nanotubes

We present a Raman spectroscopy study of iodine-intercalated (p-type-doped) double-walled carbon nanotubes. Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) are synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor deposition and characterized by Raman spectroscopy. The assignment of the radial breathing modes and the tangential modes of pristine DWCNTs is done in the framework of the bond polarization theory, using the spectral moment method. The changes in the Raman spectrum upon iodine doping are analyzed. Poly-iodine anions are identi- fied, and the Raman spectra reveal that the charge transfer between iodine and DWCNTs only involves the outer tubes

X-ray microanalysis in STEM of short-term physico-chemical reactions at bioactive glass particles / biological fluids interface. Determination of O/Si atomic ratios

Short-term physico-chemical reactions at the interface between bioactive glass particles and biological fluids are studied and we focus our attention on the measurements of O/Si atomic ratio. The studied bioactive glass is in the SiO2-Na2O-CaO-P2O5-K2O-Al2O3-MgO system. The elemental analysis is performed at the submicrometer scale by STEM associated with EDXS and EELS. We previously developed an EDXS quantification method based on the ratio method and taking into account local absorption corrections. In this way, we use EELS data to determine, by an iterative process, the local mass thickness which is an essential parameter to correct absorption in EDXS spectra. After different delays of immersion of bioactive glass particles in a simulated biological solution, results show the formation of different surface layers at the bioactive glass periphery. Before one day of immersion, we observe the presence of an already shown (Si,O,Al) rich layer at the periphery. In this paper, we demonstrate that a thin electron dense (Si,O) layer is formed on top of the (Si,O,Al) layer. In this (Si,O) layer, depleted in aluminium, we point out an increase of oxygen weight concentration which can be interpreted by the presence of Si(OH)4 groups, that permit the formation of a (Ca,P) layer. Aluminium plays a role in the glass solubility and may inhibit apatite nucleation. After the beginning of the (Ca,P) layer formation, the size of the electron dense (Si,O) layer decreases and tends to disappear. After two days of immersion, the (Ca,P) layer grows in thickness and leads to apatite precipitatio