68 research outputs found
Now or later? The theory of planned behaviour and fertility intentions
We use the theory of planned behavior to investigate the role of attitudes, norms and perceived behavioural control on short-term and long-term fertility intentions, using data from Norway (N = 1,307). There is some evidence that, net of other background variables, positive scores on these factors makes it easier to establish concrete childbearing plans, especially among parents. Subjective norms are particularly important among both parents and childless adults, while perceptions of behavioural control have no additional effect once the actual life situation is taken into account. Attitudes are not important in decisions about the timing of becoming a parent, probably because the main issue for childless adults is not the timing, but the decision to have a child or not
They all wanted one but who did get one: The theory of planned behaviour and the realisation of fertility intentions
No abstract availabl
Realization of fertility intentions by different time frames
This paper focuses on the realization of positive fertility intentions with different time frames. The analyses are based on a unique combination of survey data and information from Norwegian administrative registers on childbearing in the years following the complete selected sample. Guided by the theoretical and empirical framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the results suggest that a fertility intention's time frame is relevant for childbearing behaviour, but the patterns are somewhat different for respondents who were childless at the time of the interview compared to those who already had children. Overall, childless were less likely to realize their fertility intentions than parents. Following the TPB, childless may underestimate the difficulty of acting on their intentions and therefore have more difficulty realizing their intentions, versus parents who take into account their ability to manage another child. The results also show that childless with an immediate fertility intention are more likely to succeed than those with a longer-term intention. Likewise, parents with an immediate fertility intention are more likely to realize their intention during the two first years after the interview, but after four years the childbearing rate was higher among those with longer-term fertility intentions
Freely decaying weak turbulence for sea surface gravity waves
We study numerically the generation of power laws in the framework of weak
turbulence theory for surface gravity waves in deep water. Starting from a
random wave field, we let the system evolve numerically according to the
nonlinear Euler equations for gravity waves in infinitely deep water. In
agreement with the theory of Zakharov and Filonenko, we find the formation of a
power spectrum characterized by a power law of the form of .Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Beyond the Economic Gaze: Childbearing during and after recessions in the Nordic countries
During the 2010s, fertility rates fell across the Nordic region. The
onset of these declines seems linked to the Great Recession of
2008â2009, but their continuation cannot easily be linked to subsequent
economic change. The 1990s, too, brought episodes of economic crises to
the Nordic region that were followed by different degrees of fertility
decline. In this study, we provide an empirical overview of parity-,
age- and education-specific fertility developments in the five Nordic
countries in the wake of the economic recessions in 2008 and the early
1990s, respectively. We demonstrate a high degree of heterogeneity in
fertility developments across countries after 1990, whereas after 2008,
the trends are much more similar across the five countries. Likewise,
the educational differences in birth hazards that characterized the
developments after 1990 were much smaller in the initial years after
2008â2009. This reversal from heterogeneity to homogeneity in the
fertility response to recessions calls for an expansion of theories on
the cyclicality of fertility in relation to uncertainty and economic and
social change. In our discussion, we consider the role of a set of
factors that also incorporates the state, crisis management, and
perceptions of economic and welfare uncertainty.</p
Childbearing intentions in a low fertility context: the case of Romania
This paper applies the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to find out the predictors of fertility intentions in Romania, a low-fertility country. We analyse how attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control relate to the intention to have a child among childless individuals and one-child parents. Principal axis factor analysis confirms which items proposed by the Generation and Gender Survey (GGS 2005) act as valid and reliable measures of the suggested theoretical socio-psychological factors. Four parity-specific logistic regression models are applied to evaluate the relationship between the socio-psychological factors and childbearing intentions. Social pressure emerges as the most important aspect in fertility decision-making among childless individuals and one-child parents, and positive attitudes towards childbearing are a strong component in planning for a child. This paper also underlines the importance of the region-specific factors when studying childbearing intentions: planning for the second child significantly differs among the development regions, representing the cultural and socio-economic divisions of the Romanian territory
Fertility Ideals of Women and Men Across the Life Course
This paper explores the stability of womenâs and menâs fertility preferences across the life course. The data come from the first six waves of the German Family Panel (pairfam), which span the period from 2008/2009 until 2013/2014. In our analysis, fertility preferences are measured using the following question: âUnder ideal circumstances, how many children would you like to have?â The average number cited by both women and men is 2.2. With rising age, this number declines modestly. Relying on fixed-effects modelling, we find that neither partnership status nor economic circumstances have any causal effect on fertility preferences. However, as the number of children a respondent has increases, his or her ideal number of children is also likely to grow. Thus, fertility ideals appear to undergo changes over time, and are adjusted in line with the size of the respondentâs own family
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