[Erratum to "Mechanisms of castration resistance : intratumoral hypoxia stimulates the androgen receptor expression. [Prog. Urol. 26 (3) (2016 159-167]]

International audiencePurposeTumor hypoxia and its biological consequence lead to microenvironment adaptation of tumor initiation, promotion and progression. The aim of the study was to observe the influence of hypoxia on the expression of the androgen receptor (AR), using an original model of multicellular spheroids obtained from castration-resistant prostate tumor cells.MaterialTwo human castration-resistant prostate cancer cell lines have been used to generate multicellular tumor spheroids (MTS). The conditions and duration of incubation modulated the final size of the MTS and the intrinsic hypoxia gradient. The expression of AR was studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and secretion of PSA measured in the culture medium.ResultsThe IHC expression of AR was characterized by a decreasing gradient from the periphery to the center of MTS (less intense in central hypoxic zone), corresponding to a nuclear translocation of activated AR. This result was proportionally correlated with the duration of hypoxic incubation period. Hypoxia caused significant increase in AR expression at 6 h of oxygen deprivation. This activation of AR was correlated with transcriptional activity increase of target genes, including increased secretion of PSA.ConclusionThis demonstration of activation, increased expression and increased transcriptional activity of AR by hypoxia is the first to have been made with an original model of hypoxia, closer to reality than previous models, i.e. close to tissue hypoxia observed in primary prostate cancer

Desafíos del diseño social en condiciones de contingencia

Esta obra aborda al enfoque social del diseño como un desafío para definir propuestas que coadyuven al mejoramiento de diversos sectores de la sociedad, entendido como un esfuerzo conjunto para encontrar soluciones pertinentes y adecuadas basadas en la cultura y los valores de los pueblos. Condiciones que demandan una gran responsabilidad social y moral del diseñador. Se destacan diversas aportaciones de investigaciones que destacan esta visión a través de diversas reflexiones y aportaciones al campo del diseño y la cultura, desde enfoques del respeto a los derechos humanos, a la diversidad y la equidad